{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T21:12:38Z","timestamp":1791839558013,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,7]],"date-time":"2022-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646611200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000156","name":"Fonds de Recherche du Qu\u00e9bec - Sant\u00e9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000156","name":"Fonds de Recherche du Qu\u00e9bec - Sant\u00e9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Aging is associated with a progressive decline in skeletal muscle mass and strength as well as an increase in adiposity. These changes may have devastating impact on the quality of life of older adults. Mitochondrial dysfunctions have been implicated in aging\u2010related and obesity\u2010related deterioration of muscle function. Impairments in mitochondrial quality control processes (biogenesis, fusion, fission, and mitophagy) may underlie this accumulation of mitochondrial dysfunction. High\u2010intensity interval training (HIIT) was shown to improve muscle and mitochondrial function in healthy young and old adults and to improve body composition in obese older adults. Recent studies also positioned citrulline (CIT) supplementation as a promising intervention to counter obesity\u2010related and aging\u2010related muscle dysfunction. In the present study, our objectives were to assess whether HIIT, alone or with CIT, improves muscle function, functional capacities, adipose tissue gene expression, and mitochondrial quality control processes in obese older adults.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eighty\u2010one\u2010old and obese participants underwent a 12\u00a0week HIIT with or without CIT on an elliptical trainer [HIIT\u2010CIT: 20 men\/25 women, 67.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.0\u00a0years; HIIT\u2010placebo (PLA): 18 men\/18 women, 68.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.1\u00a0years]. Handgrip and quadriceps strength, lower limb muscle power, body composition, waist circumference, and functional capacities were assessed pre and post intervention. <jats:italic>Vastus lateralis<\/jats:italic> muscle biopsies were performed in a subset of participants to quantify markers of mitochondrial content (TOM20 and OXPHOS subunits), biogenesis (TFAM), fusion (MFN1&amp;2, OPA1), fission (DRP1), and mitophagy (Parkin). Subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue biopsies were also performed to assess the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>HIIT\u2010PLA and HIIT\u2010CIT displayed improvements in functional capacities (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05), total (mean\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0SD: HIIT\u2010PLA: +1.27\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.19%, HIIT\u2010CIT: +1.05\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.91%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) and leg lean mass (HIIT\u2010PLA: +1.62\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.85%, HIIT\u2010CIT: +1.28\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.82%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05), waist circumference (HIIT\u2010PLA: \u22122.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.9\u00a0cm, HIIT\u2010CIT: \u22122.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.5\u00a0cm, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05), and muscle power (HIIT\u2010PLA: +15.81\u00a0\u00b1\u00a018.02%, HIIT\u2010CIT: +14.62\u00a0\u00b1\u00a020.02%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). Only HIIT\u2010CIT decreased fat mass (\u22121.04\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.42%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) and increased handgrip and quadriceps strength (+4.28\u00a0\u00b1\u00a09.36% and +10.32\u00a0\u00b1\u00a014.38%, respectively, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). Both groups increased markers of muscle mitochondrial content, mitochondrial fusion, and mitophagy (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). Only HIIT\u2010CIT decreased the expression of the lipid droplet\u2010associated protein CIDEA (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>High\u2010intensity interval training is effective in improving functional capacities, lean mass, muscle power, and waist circumference in obese older adults. HIIT also increases markers of mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial fusion, and mitophagy. Importantly, adding CIT to HIIT results in a greater increase in muscle strength and a significant decrease in fat mass. The present study therefore positions HIIT combined with CIT as an effective intervention to improve the health status of obese older adults.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12955","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]],"date-time":"2022-03-08T07:06:02Z","timestamp":1646723162000},"page":"1526-1540","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Impact of high\u2010intensity interval training with or without <scp>l<\/scp>\u2010citrulline on physical performance, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue in obese older adults"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Vincent","family":"Marcangeli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement des sciences biologiques, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences UQAM  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"},{"name":"D\u00e9partement des sciences de l'activit\u00e9 physique, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences UQAM  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"},{"name":"Groupe de recherche en Activit\u00e9 Physique Adapt\u00e9e  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Layale","family":"Youssef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U1124, Universit\u00e9 de Paris  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maude","family":"Dulac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement des sciences biologiques, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences UQAM  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"},{"name":"D\u00e9partement des sciences de l'activit\u00e9 physique, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences UQAM  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"},{"name":"Groupe de recherche en Activit\u00e9 Physique Adapt\u00e9e  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Livia P.","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c9cole de R\u00e9adaptation, Facult\u00e9 de m\u00e9decine et des sciences de la sant\u00e9 Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke  Sherbrooke Qu\u00e9bec Canada"},{"name":"Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement du Centre int\u00e9gr\u00e9 universitaire de sant\u00e9 et services sociaux de l'Estrie\u2010CHUS  Sherbrooke Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy","family":"Hajj\u2010Boutros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement des sciences de l'activit\u00e9 physique, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences UQAM  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"},{"name":"Groupe de recherche en Activit\u00e9 Physique Adapt\u00e9e  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Reynaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement des sciences biologiques, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences UQAM  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"},{"name":"D\u00e9partement des sciences de l'activit\u00e9 physique, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences UQAM  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"},{"name":"Groupe de recherche en Activit\u00e9 Physique Adapt\u00e9e  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B\u00e9n\u00e9dicte","family":"Guegan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U1124, Universit\u00e9 de Paris  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fanny","family":"Buckinx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement des sciences de l'activit\u00e9 physique, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences UQAM  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"},{"name":"Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de G\u00e9riatrie de Montr\u00e9al  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierrette","family":"Gaudreau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de M\u00e9decine de l'Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montr\u00e9al (CRCHUM), Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 A.","family":"Morais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascale","family":"Mauri\u00e8ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de kin\u00e9siologie Universit\u00e9 Laval  Qu\u00e9bec Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Noirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement des sciences de l'activit\u00e9 physique, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences UQAM  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"},{"name":"INSERM U1124, Universit\u00e9 de Paris  Paris France"},{"name":"UFR STAPS Universit\u00e9 de Reims Champagne Ardenne  Reims France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myl\u00e8ne","family":"Aubertin\u2010Leheudre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement des sciences de l'activit\u00e9 physique, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences UQAM  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"},{"name":"Groupe de recherche en Activit\u00e9 Physique Adapt\u00e9e  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"},{"name":"Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de G\u00e9riatrie de Montr\u00e9al  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8543-3619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gilles","family":"Gouspillou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement des sciences de l'activit\u00e9 physique, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences UQAM  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"},{"name":"Groupe de recherche en Activit\u00e9 Physique Adapt\u00e9e  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"},{"name":"Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de G\u00e9riatrie de Montr\u00e9al  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12147"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2002.50216.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh058"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2008.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-018-0062-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/gly182"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10050605"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22158179"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13164"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP277157"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/JES.0000000000000250"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph10126645"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10522-016-9641-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.2014-0123"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2013-0187"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00538.2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2017.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2005.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.114.200626"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201400053"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.02.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm7120561"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2015.01.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/026404102320761787"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.13-242750"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607194018005466"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/868305"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0802063105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000006040"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.5.1197"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-095841"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/osp4.109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8433"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2006.112094"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12252"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2007.142109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2019.1615556"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12899"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jcsm.12955","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jcsm.12955","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jcsm.12955","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]],"date-time":"2024-10-10T13:41:00Z","timestamp":1728567660000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jcsm.12955"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,7]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jcsm.12955"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcsm.12955","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2190-5991","2190-6009"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2190-5991","type":"print"},{"value":"2190-6009","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-10-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-02-01","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-03-07","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}