{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T11:28:32Z","timestamp":1789471712654,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]],"date-time":"2022-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658275200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82173499"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82173499"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020YFC2003401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFC2003401"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The fat\u2010to\u2010muscle mass ratio (FMR), which integrates the antagonistic effects of fat and muscle mass, has been proposed as a useful indicator to assess disease risk independent of overall obesity. However, little is known about the association between FMR and dementia risk. We aimed to prospectively investigate the sex\u2010specific associations between total and regional FMR and incident dementia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 491\u00a0420 participants (223\u00a0581 men and 267\u00a0839 women; mean age 56.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a08.2 and 56.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a08.0\u00a0years old, respectively) free of dementia at baseline from the UK Biobank were included. Fat mass and muscle mass were measured using a bioelectrical impedance assessment device. Cox regression analyses were used to examine the associations of total and regional FMR with incident all\u2010cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VD). The shape of the associations of the continuous scale of FMR and incident dementia were examined using restricted cubic spline analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      During a median 8.65\u00a0years of follow\u2010up, we documented 2 225 incident all\u2010cause dementia cases, including 836\u00a0AD and 468 VD cases. There was an L\u2010shaped association between whole body FMR and all\u2010cause dementia risk in both sexes after adjusting body mass index (BMI) and other covariates (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      for non\u2010linear &lt;0.001 in men and women), where all\u2010cause dementia risk decreased steeply with increasing FMR and levelled off at around the medians (0.35 in men, 0.61 in women) with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.78 (95% CI: 0.64, 0.96;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.019) and 0.60 (0.47, 0.77; &lt;0.001) per 1 standard deviation (SD) increase in men and women, respectively. Compared with other body parts, FMR of the leg showed the strongest inverse associations [HR (95% CI;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) per 1 SD below the medians: 0.60 (0.48, 0.75; &lt;0.001); 0.61 (0.47, 0.79; &lt;0.001) in men and women, respectively]. Specifically, the inverse associations of whole body FMR on all\u2010cause dementia risk were significant only among participants over the age of 60 (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      for trend &lt;0.001). Multivariable adjusted Cox models showed inverse associations of whole body FMR with AD in men only (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      for trend\u00a0=\u00a00.003), whereas no statistically significant decrease was detected in VD among men and women.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our analyses provide strong evidence for L\u2010shaped associations of total and regional FMR with the development of dementia among participants aged 60\u00a0years or older independent of overall obesity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]],"date-time":"2022-07-20T04:23:56Z","timestamp":1658291036000},"page":"2447-2455","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Total and regional fat\u2010to\u2010muscle mass ratio and risks of incident all\u2010cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular dementia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Wenxiu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology &amp; Biostatistics, School of Public Health Peking University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongchun","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenhuang","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology &amp; Biostatistics, School of Public Health Peking University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zimin","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology &amp; Biostatistics, School of Public Health Peking University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ninghao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology &amp; Biostatistics, School of Public Health Peking University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yueying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology &amp; Biostatistics, School of Public Health Peking University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology &amp; Biostatistics, School of Public Health Peking University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendi","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology &amp; Biostatistics, School of Public Health Peking University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yimin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology &amp; Biostatistics, School of Public Health Peking University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0328-1368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology &amp; Biostatistics, School of Public Health Peking University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences (Peking University), Ministry of Education  Beijing China"},{"name":"Center for Intelligent Public Health, Academy for Artificial Intelligence Peking University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30403-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(15)00033-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70136-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2008.582"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwf024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2008.11"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12125"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afw219"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afs173"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2010.38"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-018-0158-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001779"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa638"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-015-0169-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70085-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plipres.2006.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.1836"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.05.2411"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2010.144"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000755"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2009.286"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glab117"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2015.08.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12822"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12548"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afz002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12899"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jcsm.13054","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jcsm.13054","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jcsm.13054","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T12:44:12Z","timestamp":1692621852000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jcsm.13054"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jcsm.13054"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcsm.13054","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2190-5991","2190-6009"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2190-5991","type":"print"},{"value":"2190-6009","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-01-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-06-25","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-07-20","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}