{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T21:36:03Z","timestamp":1793396163082,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]],"date-time":"2022-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KL2TR002374"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KL2TR002374"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Computed tomography (CT) is a valuable assessment method for muscle pathologies such as sarcopenia, cachexia, and myosteatosis. However, several key underappreciated scan imaging parameters need consideration for both research and clinical use, specifically CT kilovoltage and the use of contrast material. We conducted a scoping review to assess these effects on CT muscle measures. We reviewed articles from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from 1970 to 2020 on the effect of intravenous contrast material and variation in CT kilovoltage on muscle mass and density. We identified 971 articles on contrast and 277 articles on kilovoltage. The number of articles that met inclusion criteria for contrast and kilovoltage was 11 and 7, respectively. Ten studies evaluated the effect of contrast on muscle density of which nine found that contrast significantly increases CT muscle density (arterial phase 6\u201323% increase, venous phase 19\u201357% increase, and delayed phase 23\u201343% increase). Seven out of 10 studies evaluating the effect of contrast on muscle area found significant increases in area due to contrast (\u22642.58%). Six studies evaluating kilovoltage on muscle density found that lower kilovoltage resulted in a higher muscle density (14\u201340% increase). One study reported a significant decrease in muscle area when reducing kilovoltage (2.9%). The use of contrast and kilovoltage variations can have dramatic effects on skeletal muscle analysis and should be considered and reported in CT muscle analysis research. These significant factors in CT skeletal muscle analysis can alter clinical and research outcomes and are therefore a barrier to clinical application unless better appreciated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,6]],"date-time":"2022-09-06T02:24:51Z","timestamp":1662431091000},"page":"2807-2819","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["The effect of computed tomography parameters on sarcopenia and myosteatosis assessment: a scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9647-2579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jevin","family":"Lortie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison  Madison WI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace","family":"Gage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison  Madison WI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9530-1927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Rush","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison  Madison WI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1127-9425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven B.","family":"Heymsfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pennington Biomedical Research Center Louisiana State University System  Baton Rouge LA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3008-6568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy P.","family":"Szczykutowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison  Madison WI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3418-0965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam J.","family":"Kuchnia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison  Madison WI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glz034"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-158-8-201304160-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665115000129"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/32.3.693"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/71.4.885"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-016-1563-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2018.0241"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.13732"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12603"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2019.01.252"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","first-page":"279CT","article-title":"Computed tomography: a technical review","volume":"89","author":"Seeram E","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiol Technol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2000.89.1.104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afz046"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.16372"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.00963"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2017.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.23225"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.10090908"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.54947\/9780944838532"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mric.2021.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.598629"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1364557032000119616"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.16.16387"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5546030"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2421052066"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2017.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2017.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.1067"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-017-5191-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.1519"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cpf.12422"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-020-02755-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-017-0983-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2017.12.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rpd\/ncz045"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A7265"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s40644-019-0235-3","article-title":"Diagnostic value of spectral reconstructions in detecting incidental skeletal muscle metastases in CT staging examinations","volume":"19","author":"Lennartz S","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Imaging: Off Publ Int Cancer Imaging Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20201223"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-015-3656-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","first-page":"524","article-title":"Use of 100\u00a0kV versus 120\u00a0kV in computed tomography pulmonary angiography in the detection of pulmonary embolism: effect on radiation dose and image quality","volume":"5","author":"Gill MK","year":"2015","journal-title":"Quant Imaging Med Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-014-1393-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.12.10037"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2020.0914"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0000000000000180"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.16.17215"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RCT.0000000000001215"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20170079"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(10)70218-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rco2.62"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","first-page":"24","article-title":"Agreement between software programmes of body composition analyses on abdominal computed tomography scans of obese adults","volume":"64","author":"Barbalho ER","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12899"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jcsm.13068","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jcsm.13068","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jcsm.13068","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T08:00:51Z","timestamp":1754640051000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jcsm.13068"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jcsm.13068"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcsm.13068","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2190-5991","2190-6009"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2190-5991","type":"print"},{"value":"2190-6009","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-03-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-07-20","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-09-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}