{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T15:18:42Z","timestamp":1786634322145,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]],"date-time":"2022-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF\u20102020R1A2C1012931"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF\u20102020R1A2C1012931"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF\u20102022R1F1A1069303"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF\u20102022R1F1A1069303"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>A gut\u2013muscle axis through which the microbiome influences skeletal muscle has been hypothesized. However, sex\u2010specific association between the characteristics of gut microbiota and skeletal muscle mass has not yet been reported. Herein, we performed sex\u2010specific analyses of faecal microbiota composition for the skeletal muscle mass in a population\u2010based cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We collected faecal samples of 1052 middle\u2010aged participants (621 men and 431 women) who attended health screenings, and we analysed the intestinal microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Relative muscle mass was calculated using a bioelectrical impedance analysis and presented as the skeletal muscle mass index [SMI (%)\u00a0=\u00a0total appendicular muscle mass (kg)\/weight (kg)\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0100]. We categorized the subjects into four groups by the quartile of the SMI. Association tests between gut microbiota and SMI were conducted according to the microbial diversity, taxonomic profiling and functional inference in a sex\u2010stratified manner.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean age and SMI of the total participants were 44.8\u00a0years (standard deviation [SD], 8.2) and 41.4% (SD, 3.9), respectively. After adjustments for possible covariates such as age, body mass index and regular physical activity, the highest quartile (Q4) group of SMI had higher alpha diversity than the lowest quartile (Q1) group in male participants (coefficient\u00a0=\u00a010.79, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05, linear regression model), whereas there was no difference in diversity among SMI groups in females. At the species level, <jats:italic>Haemophilus parainfluenzae<\/jats:italic> (coefficient\u00a0=\u00a01.910) and <jats:italic>Roseburia faecis<\/jats:italic> (coefficient\u00a0=\u00a01.536) were more abundant in the highest SMI (Q4) group than in the lowest SMI (Q1) group in males. However, no significant taxon was observed along the SMI groups in females. The gut microbiota of the lowest SMI group (Q1) was enriched with genes involved in biosynthesis of amino acids and energy generation compared with that of the highest SMI group (Q4) in both sexes, although the significance of the inferred pathways was weak (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05 but the false discovery rate <jats:italic>q<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&gt;\u00a00.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this large sample of middle\u2010aged individuals, this study highlights fundamental sex\u2010specific differences in the microbial diversity, composition and metabolic pathways inferred from gut microbiota according to SMI. The gut microbiota may provide novel insights into the potential mechanisms underlying the sex dependence of skeletal muscle mass.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]],"date-time":"2022-10-11T06:23:01Z","timestamp":1665469381000},"page":"2908-2919","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Sex\u2010specific associations between gut microbiota and skeletal muscle mass in a population\u2010based study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Chul\u2010Hyun","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Medical Research Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine  Seoul Republic of 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Jae","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Medical Research Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, SAIHST Sungkyunkwan University  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine  Suwon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han\u2010Na","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, SAIHST Sungkyunkwan University  Seoul Republic of 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