{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T02:32:24Z","timestamp":1791772344074,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]],"date-time":"2022-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFC2009600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2009600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017YFC1309200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFC1309200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009592","name":"Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SCW2018\u201006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SCW2018\u201006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009592","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>The cachexia index is a useful predictor for cancer cachexia and prognostic assessment. However, its use is limited because of high testing costs and complicated testing procedures. Thus, in this study, we aimed to develop a hand grip strength (HGS)\u2010based cancer cachexia index (H\u2010CXI) as a potential predictor of cancer cachexia and prognosis in patients with cancer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Here, 14\u2009682 patients with cancer were studied, including the discovery (6592), internal validation (2820) and external validation (5270) cohorts. The H\u2010CXI was calculated as [HGS (kg)\/height (m)2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0serum albumin (g\/L)]\/neutrophil\u2010to\u2010lymphocyte ratio. The Kaplan\u2013Meier method was used to create survival curves, and the log\u2010rank test was used to compare time\u2013event relationships between groups. A Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to determine independent risk factors for overall survival (OS). Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association of the H\u2010CXI with short\u2010term outcomes and cancer cachexia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>There was a significant non\u2010linear relationship between the H\u2010CXI and OS in all cohorts. Patients with a low H\u2010CXI had significantly lower OS than those with a high H\u2010CXI in the discovery cohort (6\u2010year survival percentage: 55.72% vs. 76.70%, log\u2010rank P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a00.001), internal validation cohort (6\u2010year survival percentage: 55.81% vs. 76.70%, log\u2010rank P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a00.001), external validation cohort (6\u2010year survival percentage: 56.05% vs. 75.48%, log\u2010rank P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a00.001) and total cohort (6\u2010year survival percentage: 55.86% vs. 76.27%, log\u2010rank P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a00.001). Notably, the prognostic stratification effect of the H\u2010CXI in patients with advanced\u2010stage disease was more significant than that in patients with early\u2010stage disease. The multivariate Cox proportional risk regression model confirmed that a low H\u2010CXI negatively affected the prognosis of patients with cancer in the discovery cohort [hazard ratio (HR) 0.75, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.71\u20130.80, P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a00.001], internal validation cohort (HR 0.79, 95 %CI 0.72\u20130.86, P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a00.001), external validation cohort (HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.79\u20130.89, P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a00.001) and total cohort (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.77\u20130.83, P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a00.001). Multivariate logistic regression models showed that a low H\u2010CXI was an independent risk factor predicting adverse short\u2010term outcomes and cancer cachexia in patients with cancer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>The simple and practical H\u2010CXI is a promising predictor for cancer cachexia and prognosis in patients with cancer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]],"date-time":"2022-11-30T07:53:38Z","timestamp":1669794818000},"page":"382-390","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Hand grip strength\u2010based cachexia index as a predictor of cancer cachexia and prognosis in patients with cancer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Hailun","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery\/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition Beijing China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guotian","family":"Ruan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery\/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition Beijing China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lishuang","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric Respiratory Disease Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital Guangxi Medical University Nanning Guangxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heyang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery\/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition Beijing China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yizhong","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery\/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition Beijing China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery\/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition Beijing China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiqi","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery\/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition Beijing China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengmeng","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery\/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition Beijing China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery\/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition Beijing China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyue","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery\/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition Beijing China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangrui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery\/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition Beijing China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kangping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery\/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition Beijing China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery\/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition Beijing China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery\/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition Beijing China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun\u2010Hua","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health Zhengzhou University Zhenzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jialiang","family":"Gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital Guangxi Medical University Nanning Guangxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4514-8693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Han\u2010Ping","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery\/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition Beijing China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"420","article-title":"Cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability\u2010adjusted life years for 29 cancer groups from 2010 to 2019: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 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Muscle"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jcsm.13139","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jcsm.13139","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jcsm.13139","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]],"date-time":"2023-08-19T12:57:23Z","timestamp":1692449843000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jcsm.13139"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jcsm.13139"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcsm.13139","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2190-5991","2190-6009"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2190-5991","type":"print"},{"value":"2190-6009","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-02-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication 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