{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:47:26Z","timestamp":1786978046695,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007687","name":"Korean Diabetes Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020F\u2010Hyangseol"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020F\u2010Hyangseol"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007687","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Obesity is associated with an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and end\u2010stage renal disease (ESRD). This study aimed to examine the effect of waist circumference (WC) on the risk for ESRD based on glycaemic status in a Korean population\u2010based sample.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cohort study with a 9.2\u2010year follow\u2010up period used a population\u2010based National Health Insurance Service health checkup database with approximately 10\u00a0585\u00a0852 participants who were followed up from 2009 to the time of ESRD diagnosis. WC was categorized into seven levels in 5\u2010cm increments, with Level 4 as the reference group. Glycaemic status was categorized into the following groups: normal fasting glucose (NFG), impaired fasting glucose (IFG), newly diagnosed T2DM, T2DM treated with \u22642 oral hypoglycaemic agents (OHAs) and diabetes treated with \u22653 OHAs or insulin. We calculated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for ESRD according to WC values and glycaemic status of the participants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study finally included 10\u00a0177\u00a0245 patients with a mean age of 47.1 (13.8) years. The study population included 5\u00a0604\u00a0446 men (55.1%) and 4\u00a0572\u00a0799 women (45.9%). In total, 8.3% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0877\u00a0143) of the study population had diabetes. During the mean follow\u2010up of 9.2 (1.0) years (93\u00a0554\u00a0951 person\u2010years of follow\u2010up), 23\u00a0031 individuals were newly diagnosed with ESRD. The ESRD risk increased in parallel with an increase in WC in participants without T2DM, that is, the NFG and IFG groups (adjusted HRs [95% CIs] of WC Levels 4, 5 and 6: 1.17 [1.09\u20131.26], 1.37 [1.25\u20131.51] and 1.84 [1.63\u20132.07] in the NFG group and 1.06 [0.97\u20131.16], 1.23 [1.10\u20131.38] and 1.80 [1.57\u20132.06] in the IFG group, respectively). In patients with T2DM, the risk for ESRD was significantly increased in those with a low WC (adjusted HRs [95% CIs] of WC Level 1: 2.23 [1.77\u20132.80], 3.18 [2.70\u20133.74] and 10.31 [9.18\u201311.59] in patients with newly diagnosed diabetes, patients on \u22642 OHAs and those on \u22653 OHAs or insulin, respectively). The association between WC and ESRD thus showed a J\u2010shaped pattern in patients with newly diagnosed T2DM and a U\u2010shaped pattern in those on \u22642 OHAs and on \u22653 OHAs or insulin.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Central obesity substantially increases the risk of developing ESRD regardless of glycaemic status. The harmful effects of low WC only become significant with the progression of T2DM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T21:28:35Z","timestamp":1671830915000},"page":"585-595","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Waist circumference and end\u2010stage renal disease based on glycaemic status: National Health Insurance Service data 2009\u20132018"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yun Kyung","family":"Cho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Hallym University College of Medicine  Chuncheon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji Hye","family":"Huh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Hallym University College of Medicine  Chuncheon Republic 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