{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T14:20:12Z","timestamp":1794234012464,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,25]],"date-time":"2022-12-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF\u20102020R1F1A1048586"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF\u20102020R1F1A1048586"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Low physical activity (PA) increases the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study aimed to investigate the effects of PA and sedentary time (ST) on the changes in renal function and the development of CKD in the middle\u2010aged Korean population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>From the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study Database, 7988 participants in their 40s and 60s were identified and stratified by (1) PA: high\u2010PA (&gt;24\u00a0MET\u2010h\/day), moderate\u2010PA (9\u201324\u00a0MET\u2010h\/day) and low\u2010PA (&lt;9\u00a0MET\u2010h\/day); and (2) ST: high\u2010ST (&gt;6\u00a0h\/day), moderate\u2010ST (3\u20136\u00a0h\/day) and low\u2010ST (&lt;3\u00a0h\/day). Incident CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)\u00a0&lt;\u00a060\u00a0mL\/min\/1.73\u00a0m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> following the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean age of the participants was 52.0\u00a0years. The overall incidence of CKD was 16.8 per 1000 person\u2010years over a median of 12\u00a0years. The lower the PA and the higher the ST, the lower the baseline eGFR. Relative to the high\u2010PA, the coefficients of the annual eGFR decline were \u22120.12 (95% confidence interval [CI]: \u22120.26 to 0.001, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.081) and \u22120.13 (95% CI: \u22120.27 to 0.01, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.078) in the moderate\u2010 and low\u2010PA groups, respectively. Similarly, relative to the low\u2010ST, the coefficients of annual eGFR decline were \u22120.07 (59% CI: \u22120.19 to 0.05, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.236) and \u22120.14 (95% CI: \u22120.28 to \u22120.01, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.039) in the moderate\u2010 and high\u2010ST groups, respectively. Incident CKD was higher with lower PA (hazard ratio: high\u2010PA 1.00, moderate\u2010PA 1.13 [1.00, 1.28, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.056] and low\u2010PA 1.25 [1.11, 1.24, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001]) and higher ST (hazard ratio: low\u2010ST 1.00, moderate\u2010ST 1.04 [0.94, 1.16, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.440] and high\u2010ST 1.19 [1.05, 1.34, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.007]). The high\u2010PA reduced the risk for the CKD development irrespective of the amount of ST.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Low\u2010PA and high\u2010ST are risk factors for the development of CKD in the middle\u2010aged Korean population. High\u2010PA recovers high\u2010ST, inducing a harmful effect on the occurrence of CKD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,26]],"date-time":"2022-12-26T00:59:31Z","timestamp":1672016371000},"page":"622-631","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["High physical activity alleviates the adverse effect of higher sedentary time on the incidence of chronic kidney disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Wonsuk","family":"Oh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai  New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minhae","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work University of Memphis  Memphis TN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Su Woong","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine Kyung Hee University School of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ju\u2010Young","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine Kyung Hee University School of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang\u2010Ho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine Kyung Hee University School of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"You\u2010Cheol","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Kyung Hee University School of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3497-5514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang Gyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine Kyung Hee University School of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0158765"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2017.12.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2019-100989"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2005.11.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.EDE.0000071413.55296.c4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwm390"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-1651"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyx105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1602657"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx393"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.19.2486"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.04.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.03.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.je.2016.08.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2013040392"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2009.438"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfab153"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34067\/KID.0006202020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0133864"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2009.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-030661"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-021-01166-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2019-101765"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-098540"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(21)00032-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2020-102587"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2009.401"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/EP085238"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30370-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60646-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.12853"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-019-1586-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.12300720"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2017.44"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20210155"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.01970309"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-014-1338-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/japa.2013-0208"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12899"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jcsm.13167","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jcsm.13167","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jcsm.13167","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]],"date-time":"2023-08-19T12:58:45Z","timestamp":1692449925000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jcsm.13167"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,25]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jcsm.13167"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcsm.13167","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2190-5991","2190-6009"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2190-5991","type":"print"},{"value":"2190-6009","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-01-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-11-25","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-12-25","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}