{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T14:54:00Z","timestamp":1787583240277,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]],"date-time":"2023-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690502400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 110\u20102314\u2010B\u2010195\u2010033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 110\u20102314\u2010B\u2010195\u2010033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Malignant ascites is prevalent in advanced\u2010stage ovarian cancer and may facilitate identification of the drivers of muscle loss. This study aimed to evaluate the association of ascites with changes in systemic inflammation and muscle after treatment of advanced\u2010stage ovarian cancer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We evaluated 307 patients with advanced\u2010stage (III\/IVA) ovarian cancer who underwent primary debulking surgery and adjuvant platinum\u2010based chemotherapy between 2010 and 2019. The changes in skeletal muscle index (SMI) and radiodensity (SMD) were measured using pre\u2010surgery and post\u2010chemotherapy portal\u2010venous phase contrast\u2010enhanced computed tomography scans at L3. Systemic inflammation was measured using albumin levels, prognostic nutritional index (PNI), neutrophil\u2010lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet\u2010lymphocyte ratio (PLR). Primary endpoint was the changes in SMI and SMD after treatment. Linear regression analysis was used to test associations between muscle change and other covariates. Mediation analysis was used to determine the mediator.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The median (range) age was 53 (23\u201383) years. The median duration (range) of follow\u2010up was 5.2 (1.1\u201311.3) years. Overall, 187 (60.9%) patients had ascites. The changes in muscle and systemic inflammatory markers after treatment were significantly different between patients with and without ascites (SMI: \u22123.9% vs. 2.2%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001; SMD: \u22124.0% vs. \u22120.4%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001; albumin: \u22124.4% vs. 2.1%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001; PNI: \u22128.4% vs. \u22120.1%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001; NLR: 20.6% vs. \u221229.4%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001; and PLR: 1.7% vs. \u221219.4%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). The changes in SMI and SMD were correlated with the changes in albumin, PNI, NLR, and PLR (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). In multiple linear regression, ascites and NLR changes were negatively while albumin change was positively correlated with SMI change (ascites: \u03b2\u00a0=\u00a0\u22123.19, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001; NLR change: \u03b2\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.02, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.003; albumin change: \u03b2\u00a0=\u00a00.37, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Ascites and NLR changes were negatively while PNI change was positively correlated with SMD change (ascites: \u03b2\u00a0=\u00a0\u22121.28, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.02; NLR change: \u03b2\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.02, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001; PNI change: \u03b2\u00a0=\u00a00.11, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.04). In mediation analysis, ascites had a direct effect on SMI change (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) and an indirect effect mediated by NLR change (indirect effects\u00a0=\u00a0\u22121.61, 95% confidence interval [CI]: \u22122.22 to \u22121.08) and albumin change (indirect effects\u00a0=\u00a0\u22122.92, 95% CI: \u22124.01 to \u22121.94). Ascites had a direct effect on SMD change (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) and an indirect effect mediated by NLR change (indirect effects\u00a0=\u00a0\u22121.76, 95% CI: \u22122.34 to \u22121.22) and PNI change (indirect effects\u00a0=\u00a0\u22122.00, 95% CI: \u22122.79 to \u22121.36).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Malignant ascites was associated with enhanced systemic inflammation and muscle loss after primary debulking surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy in advanced\u2010stage ovarian cancer. The association between ascites and muscle loss may be mediated by systemic inflammation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13289","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]],"date-time":"2023-07-28T11:31:31Z","timestamp":1690543891000},"page":"2114-2125","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Association of malignant ascites with systemic inflammation and muscle loss after treatment in advanced\u2010stage ovarian cancer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Chia\u2010Sui","family":"Weng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology MacKay Memorial Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medicine MacKay Medical College  New Taipei City Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wan\u2010Chun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology MacKay Memorial Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medicine MacKay Medical College  New Taipei City Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chih\u2010Long","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology MacKay Memorial Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medicine MacKay Medical College  New Taipei City Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya\u2010Ting","family":"Jan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology MacKay Memorial Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tze\u2010Chien","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology MacKay Memorial Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1445-2393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine MacKay Medical College  New Taipei City Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology MacKay Memorial Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21708"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21456"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.12614"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0140403"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ijgc-2020-001640"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12468"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17512433.2021.1937125"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12524"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-022-07053-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-021-06735-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ijgc-2022-003387"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13174318"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2016.12.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12885"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12311"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.4480"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/H08-075"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2019.110642"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.12224"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-10328-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers10080251"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13048-019-0491-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17987\/jcsm-cr.v3i2.65"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ncp.10588"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2017.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13068"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12155"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(10)70218-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12440"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13082629"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03206553"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2016.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2017.2319"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.29221"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2022.03.274"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12525"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-036854"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ijgc-2019-000585"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.0663"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.12.435"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/EDBK_158927"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12899"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jcsm.13289","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]],"date-time":"2023-10-13T01:47:50Z","timestamp":1697161670000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jcsm.13289"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jcsm.13289"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcsm.13289","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2190-5991","2190-6009"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2190-5991","type":"print"},{"value":"2190-6009","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-11-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-05-22","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-07-28","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}