{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T17:43:33Z","timestamp":1790790213687,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,7]],"date-time":"2023-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Unhealthy body composition, including high fat mass, low muscle mass and low bone mass, is a critical health issue in adults. The weight\u2010adjusted waist index (WWI) estimates fat and muscle mass and may have implications for bone health. We examined its association with body composition outcomes in a large Korean adult cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study used data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2008\u20132011). WWI was calculated as waist circumference (cm) divided by the square root of body weight (kg). Dual\u2010energy X\u2010ray absorptiometry was used to measure bone mineral density (BMD), appendicular lean mass (ALM) and total body fat percentage. Unhealthy body composition was defined as combined presence of high fat mass, low bone mass and low muscle mass.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 5983 individuals (3034 men [50.7%] and 2949 women [49.3%]; mean age: 63.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a08.7\u00a0years) were included. WWI was positively correlated with total body fat percentage (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.478, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) and inversely with ALM\/weight (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.485, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) and BMD at the lumbar spine (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.187, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), femoral neck (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.269, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) and total hip (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.255, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Higher WWI quartiles correlated with lower BMD, T\u2010scores and ALM\/weight, along with increased total body fat, evident in both genders and more pronounced in women, even after adjusting for confounders. This trend remained statistically significant across WWI quartiles for all analyses (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Higher WWI quartiles were also significantly associated with higher odds of unhealthy body composition, with adjusted odds ratio in the highest WWI group of 18.08 (95% CI, 4.32\u201375.61) in men and 6.36 (95% CI, 3.65\u201311.07) in women. The optimal cutoff values of WWI for unhealthy body composition were 10.4\u00a0cm\/\u221akg in men and 10.5\u00a0cm\/\u221akg in women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In community\u2010dwelling adults, high WWI values are associated with unfavourable body composition outcomes, indicating high fat mass, low muscle mass and low bone mass. WWI can potentially serve as an integrated index of body composition, underscoring the need for further research to validate its use in clinical settings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,8]],"date-time":"2023-08-08T03:15:06Z","timestamp":1691464506000},"page":"2196-2203","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":151,"title":["Weight\u2010adjusted waist as an integrated index for fat, muscle and bone health in adults"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Kyoung Jin","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Korea University College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serhim","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics Korea University College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyeong Jin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Korea University College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sin Gon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Korea University College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9926-1344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nam Hoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Korea University College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of 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