{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T17:49:44Z","timestamp":1773424184771,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,10]],"date-time":"2023-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691625600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Disuse atrophy is a frequent cause of muscle atrophy, which can occur in individuals of any age who have been inactive for a prolonged period or immobilization. Additionally, acute diseases such as COVID\u201019 can cause frequent sequelae and exacerbate muscle wasting, leading to additional fatigue symptoms. It is necessary to investigate potent functional nutrients for muscle reinforcement in both disuse atrophy and fatigue to ensure better physical performance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The effects of <jats:italic>Sanghuangporus sanghuang<\/jats:italic> SS\u2010MN4 mycelia were tested on two groups of 6\u2010week\u2010old male mice\u2014one with disuse atrophy and the other with fatigue. The disuse atrophy group was divided into three sub\u2010groups: a control group, a group that underwent hind limb casting for 7\u00a0days and then recovered for 7\u00a0days and a group that was administered with SS\u2010MN4 orally for 14\u00a0days, underwent hind limb casting for 7\u00a0days and then recovered for 7\u00a0days. The fatigue group was divided into two sub\u2010groups: a control group that received no SS\u2010MN4 intervention and an experimental group that was administered with SS\u2010MN4 orally for 39\u00a0days and tested for exhaustive swimming and running on Day 31 and Day 33, respectively. RNA sequencing (RNA\u2010seq) and western blot analysis were conducted on C2C12 cell lines to identify the therapeutic effects of SS\u2010MN4 treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a disuse atrophy model induced by hind limb casting, supplementing with 250\u00a0mg\/kg of SS\u2010MN4 for 14\u00a0days led to 111.2% gastrocnemius muscle mass recovery and an 89.1% improvement in motor function on a treadmill (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). In a fatigue animal model, equivalent SS\u2010MN4 dosage improved swimming (178.7%) and running (162.4%) activities (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) and reduced blood urea nitrogen levels by 18% (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). SS\u2010MN4 treatment also increased liver and muscle glycogen storage by 34.36% and 55.6%, respectively, suggesting a higher energy reserve for exercise. RNA\u2010seq and western blot studies from the C2C12 myotube showed that SS\u2010MN4 extract upregulates Myh4 and helps sustain myotube integrity against dexamethasone damage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Supplementation of SS\u2010MN4 (250\u2010mg\/kg body weight) with hispidin as active compound revealed a potential usage as a muscle nutritional supplement enhancing muscle recovery, fast\u2010twitch fibre regrowth and fatigue resistance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,11]],"date-time":"2023-08-11T00:53:50Z","timestamp":1691715230000},"page":"2226-2238","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Hispidin\u2010enriched <i>Sanghuangporus sanghuang<\/i> mycelia SS\u2010MN4 ameliorate disuse atrophy while improving muscle endurance"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"I\u2010Chen","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotech Research Institute Grape King Bio Ltd.  Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ting\u2010Yu","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotech Research Institute Grape King Bio Ltd.  Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ting\u2010Wei","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotech Research Institute Grape King Bio Ltd.  Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andy Y.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering Stanford University  Stanford CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hsin\u2010Tung","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotech Research Institute Grape King Bio Ltd.  Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yen\u2010Lien","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotech Research Institute Grape King Bio Ltd.  Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8613-344X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tsung\u2010Ju","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotech Research Institute Grape King Bio Ltd.  Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chin\u2010Chu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotech Research Institute Grape King Bio Ltd.  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