{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T15:02:22Z","timestamp":1787238142959,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]],"date-time":"2024-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704326400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic inflammation and insulin resistance are highly prevalent in patients on maintenance haemodialysis (MHD) and are strongly associated with protein energy wasting. We conducted a pilot, randomized, placebo\u2010controlled trial of recombinant human interleukin\u20101 receptor antagonist (IL\u20101ra) and pioglitazone to explore the safety, feasibility and efficacy for insulin\u2010mediated protein metabolism in patients undergoing MHD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty\u2010four patients were randomized to receive IL\u20101ra, pioglitazone or placebo for 12\u00a0weeks. Changes in serum inflammatory markers and insulin\u2010mediated protein synthesis, breakdown and net balance in the whole\u2010body and skeletal muscle compartments were assessed using hyperinsulinaemic\u2013hyperaminoacidemic clamp technique at baseline and Week 12.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 24 patients, median (interquartile range) age was 51 (40, 61), 79% were African American and 21% had diabetes mellitus. All patients initiated on intervention completed the study, and no serious adverse events were observed. There was a statistically significant decrease in serum high\u2010sensitivity C\u2010reactive protein in the pioglitazone group compared with placebo, but not in the IL\u20101ra group. No significant differences in the changes of whole\u2010body or skeletal muscle protein synthesis, breakdown and net balance were found between the groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this pilot study, there were no statistically significant effects of 12\u00a0weeks of IL\u20101ra or pioglitazone on protein metabolism in patients on MHD.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/Clinicaltrials.gov\">Clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      registration: NCT02278562.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13395","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]],"date-time":"2024-01-05T01:06:05Z","timestamp":1704416765000},"page":"401-411","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A randomized controlled pilot trial of anakinra and pioglitazone for protein metabolism in patients on maintenance haemodialysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Lale A.","family":"Ertuglu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville TN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serpil Muge","family":"Deger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine Dokuz Eylul University  Izmir Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aseel","family":"Alsouqi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville TN USA"},{"name":"Now with Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology University of Pittsburgh Medical Center  Pittsburgh PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville TN USA"},{"name":"Vanderbilt Center Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville TN USA"},{"name":"Veterans Administration Tennessee Valley Healthcare System  Nashville TN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Gamboa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville TN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cindy","family":"Mambungu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville TN USA"},{"name":"Vanderbilt Center Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville TN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Sha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville TN USA"},{"name":"Vanderbilt Center Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville TN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Siew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville TN USA"},{"name":"Vanderbilt Center Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville TN USA"},{"name":"Veterans Administration Tennessee Valley Healthcare System  Nashville TN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naji N.","family":"Abumrad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville TN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5717-4218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T. 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