{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T12:58:44Z","timestamp":1790773124542,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]],"date-time":"2023-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702944000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22K11839"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22K11839"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recently, the Asian Working Group for Cachexia (AWGC) published a consensus statement on diagnostic criteria for cachexia in Asians. We aimed to validate the criteria in adult patients in Japan with advanced cancer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a single\u2010institution retrospective cohort study between April 2021 and October 2022. The AWGC criteria include chronic comorbidities and either a weight loss of &gt;2% over 3\u20136\u00a0months or a body mass index (BMI) of &lt;21\u00a0kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>. In addition, any of the following items were required: anorexia as a subjective symptom, decreased grip strength as an objective measurement and an elevated C\u2010reactive protein (CRP) level as a biomarker. We used the cut\u2010off value of grip strength of 28\/18\u00a0kg for male\/female individuals and CRP level of 5\u00a0mg\/L.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 449 consecutive patients, 85 of those who could not be evaluated because of end\u2010of\u2010life or refractory symptoms (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a041) or missing data (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a044) were excluded from the primary analysis. The prevalence of the AWGC\u2010defined cachexia was 76% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0277), and the median survival time (MST) for all patients was 215 (95% confidence interval [CI] 145\u2013270) days. The prevalence of the following criteria was significantly higher in patients with cachexia than in those without cachexia: a BMI of &lt;21\u00a0kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> (65% vs. 15%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), a weight loss of &gt;2% in 6\u00a0months (87% vs. 14%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), anorexia (75% vs. 47%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), a grip strength of &lt;28\u00a0kg in male individuals (63% vs. 28%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) and CRP level of &gt;5\u00a0mg\/L (85% vs. 56%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Overall survival was significantly shorter in patients with cachexia than in those without cachexia (MST 157\u00a0days, 95% CI 108\u2013226\u00a0days vs. MST 423\u00a0days, 95% CI 245\u00a0days to not available, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0023). The Cox proportional hazards analysis showed that best supportive care (hazard ratio [HR] 2.91, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.001), lung cancer (HR 1.67, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0046), an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status score of \u22653 (HR 1.58, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.016), AWGC\u2010defined cachexia (HR 1.56, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.015), an age of \u226570\u00a0years (HR 1.53, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0070), oedema (HR 1.31, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.022) and head\/neck cancer (HR 0.44, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.023) were found to be the significant predictors for mortality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We demonstrated that AWGC\u2010defined cachexia has a significant prognostic value in advanced cancer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,20]],"date-time":"2023-12-20T04:24:52Z","timestamp":1703046292000},"page":"370-379","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Validity of the diagnostic criteria from the Asian Working Group for Cachexia in advanced cancer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2246-9526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatsuma","family":"Sakaguchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Palliative Care Center Aichi Medical University  Nagakute Aichi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keisuke","family":"Maeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Therapy Support Center Aichi Medical University Hospital  Nagakute Aichi Japan"},{"name":"Department of Palliative and Supportive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine Aichi Medical University  Nagakute Aichi Japan"},{"name":"Department of Geriatric Medicine National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology University  Obu Aichi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoko","family":"Takeuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition Aichi Medical University Hospital  Nagakute Aichi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ai","family":"Mizuno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition Aichi Medical University Hospital  Nagakute Aichi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryoko","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Palliative and Supportive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine Aichi Medical University  Nagakute Aichi Japan"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Aichi Medical University Hospital  Nagakute Aichi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuria","family":"Ishida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Palliative and Supportive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine Aichi Medical University  Nagakute Aichi Japan"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition Aichi Medical University Hospital  Nagakute Aichi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junko","family":"Ueshima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Palliative and Supportive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine Aichi Medical University  Nagakute Aichi Japan"},{"name":"Department of Nutritional Service NTT Medical Center Tokyo  Shinagawa\u2010ku Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akio","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Palliative and Supportive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine Aichi Medical University  Nagakute Aichi Japan"},{"name":"Department of Health Science, Faculty of Health and Human Development University of Nagano  Nagano\u2010shi Nagano Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Amano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Palliative and Supportive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine Aichi Medical University  Nagakute Aichi Japan"},{"name":"Palliative and Supportive Care Center Osaka University Hospital  Suita Osaka Japan"},{"name":"Department of Psycho\u2010Oncology and Palliative Medicine Osaka International Cancer Institute  Chuo\u2010ku Osaka Japan"},{"name":"Department of Palliative Medicine National Cancer Center Hospital  Chuo\u2010ku Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoharu","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Palliative Care Center Aichi Medical University  Nagakute Aichi Japan"},{"name":"Department of Palliative and Supportive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine Aichi Medical University  Nagakute Aichi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(10)70218-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3829"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2008.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/pmr.2022.0045"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmaa111"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12117"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-14-0850"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"626","article-title":"Associations of body mass index with incident hypertension in American white, American black and Chinese Asian adults in early and middle adulthood: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study and the People's Republic of China (PRC) study","volume":"22","author":"Katz EG","year":"2013","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2019.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2019.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13323"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/082585979100700202"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2006.09.9887"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2012.244"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-023-00734-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2011.10.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdu086"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgast-2016-000097"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-009-0800-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/crt2.23"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","article-title":"Malignancy\u2010related ascites in palliative care units: prognostic factor analysis","author":"Kadono T","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Support Palliat Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12167"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jcsm.13408","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,2]],"date-time":"2024-02-02T02:29:42Z","timestamp":1706840982000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jcsm.13408"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jcsm.13408"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcsm.13408","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2190-5991","2190-6009"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2190-5991","type":"print"},{"value":"2190-6009","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-08-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-11-15","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-12-19","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}