{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T21:24:47Z","timestamp":1788384287271,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,18]],"date-time":"2023-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702857600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81900329"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81900329"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82070384"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82070384"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81870195"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81870195"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021171","name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022A1515111181"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022A1515111181"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021171","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021171","name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022A1515010416"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022A1515010416"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021171","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021171","name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019A1515011098"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019A1515011098"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021171","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021171","name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021A1515011668"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021A1515011668"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021171","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022M723635"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022M723635"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with overweight\/obesity and type 2 diabetes are encouraged to lose weight, but not all losing weight gain better cardiovascular health, especially old adults. The change in skeletal muscle mass (SMM) could be the key that explains the heterogenous cardiovascular effects of weight loss. This study aims to assess whether the cardiovascular effects of weight loss vary for those gaining skeletal muscle along with weight loss.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The old adults with overweight\/obesity and type 2 diabetes in the Look AHEAD study having muscle measurement from dual\u2010energy X\u2010ray absorptiometry were included. Based on the weight change (WC) and SMM change (SMMC) between baseline and the 4\u2010year follow\u2010up, participants were allocated into three groups\u2014weight gain (WG) group, weight loss with muscle loss (WL\u2010ML) group and weight loss with muscle gain (WL\u2010MG) group. Cox proportional hazards regression was performed to evaluate the cardiovascular risk of those gaining or losing SMM with weight loss compared with those gaining weight. Among the participants with weight loss, the ratio of SMMC\/WC was calculated, and the association of SMMC\/WC with primary cardiovascular outcome was assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 491 participants were included in the study with an average age of 64.56\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.81\u00a0years old. A total of 47.0% were male and 49.9% were from the intensive lifestyle intervention arm. Based on their WC and SMMC, 43 were assigned to the WG group, 373 to the WL\u2010ML group and 75 to the WL\u2010MG group. Over a follow\u2010up of almost 10\u00a0years, 97 participants encountered the primary endpoint. The WG group had the highest incidence of 25.59%, the WL\u2010MG group had the lowest incidence of 9.33% and the WL\u2010ML group had 21.18% (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.040). In the fourth adjusted Cox model, the WL\u2010MG group achieved significantly decreased odds of the primary endpoint compared with the WG group (hazard ratio [HR] 0.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.12, 0.87],\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.026), whilst the WL\u2010ML group did not (HR 0.91, 95% CI [0.47, 1.78],\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.670). Among the participants with weight loss, when SMMC\/WC reached around 50%, this HR soared to approximately two\u2010fold.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The participants gaining SMM along with weight loss achieved the lowest odds of adverse cardiovascular events, whilst those who lost SMM along with weight loss had comparable cardiovascular risk with those gaining weight. The more muscle lost during weight loss, the greater the harm. The cardiovascular effects of weight loss were modulated by whether the participants gained SMM meanwhile losing weight.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13409","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,18]],"date-time":"2023-12-18T04:40:40Z","timestamp":1702874440000},"page":"342-351","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Cardiovascular effects of weight loss in old adults with overweight\/obesity according to change in skeletal muscle mass"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8103-6934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaojie","family":"Cai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Menghui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingfeng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaozhao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rihua","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lixiang","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuohui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zishan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinxue","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-021-00627-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc22-S008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-0129"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13138"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12901"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-020-09577-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14214621"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-021-01605-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehp162"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.101264"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12783"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2006.84"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1212914"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.21005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22942"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0060119"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-018-0700-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.011638"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.102815"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12877"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2011.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-018-0065-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-27634-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-017-0229-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01153-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k2575"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz391"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2012.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000677"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcma.2014.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht151"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.11.051"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jcsm.13409","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T21:29:44Z","timestamp":1706822984000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jcsm.13409"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,18]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jcsm.13409"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcsm.13409","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2190-5991","2190-6009"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2190-5991","type":"print"},{"value":"2190-6009","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-03-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-09-22","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-12-18","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}