{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T22:36:15Z","timestamp":1780353375202,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]],"date-time":"2024-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707350400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Muscle and bone are physiologically interconnected, but joint changes of muscle and bone with aging, and whether the muscle\u2010bone changes are different by sex and by country has been little studied. We examined longitudinal associations of bone mineral density (BMD) and muscle mass or muscle strength in community\u2010dwelling 65\u00a0years or older in the United States and Japan.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present analytic sample included 1129 women and men from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA) (mean age, 74.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a07.5\u00a0years; women, 49.8%) and 1998 women and men from the National Institute for Longevity Sciences\u2010Longitudinal Study of Aging (NILS\u2010LSA) (mean age, 70.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.5\u00a0years; women, 51.4%). Median follow\u2010up was 4.6 (min\u2010max, 0\u201315.4) years in the BLSA and 4.0 (min\u2010max, 0\u201313.4) years in the NILS\u2010LSA. We selected visits at which participants had BMD (whole body, pelvic, femoral neck, trochanter, and Ward's triangle BMDs) and muscle mass [appendicular lean mass, (ALM)] measured by DXA scan. In each bone site, we ran cohort\u2010specific bivariate linear mixed\u2010effects models adjusted for baseline age, sex, body height, body weight, fat mass, education year, and smoking status. Race was an additional adjustment in the BLSA. Additionally, we performed sex\u2010specific analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the BLSA, the rate of change in ALM positively correlated with the rate of change in the whole body (rho\u00a0=\u00a00.30, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001) and pelvic BMD (rho\u00a0=\u00a00.24, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001), but not in trochanter, femoral neck, or Ward's triangle BMD (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&gt;\u00a00.05). In the NILS\u2010LSA, ALM positively correlated with the rate of change in all bone sites (rho ranged from 0.20 to 0.71, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01). In women, ALM positively correlated with the rate of change in all bone sites in both cohorts (in the NILS\u2010LSA, rho ranged from 0.35 to 0.91, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01; in the BLSA, rho ranged from 0.26 to 0.56, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) except for femoral neck BMD in the BLSA. In men, ALM positively correlated with pelvic, trochanter, and Ward's triangle BMD in the NILS\u2010LSA (rho ranged from 0.45 to 0.68, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001), and whole body and trochanter BMD in the BLSA (both, rho\u00a0=\u00a00.20, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Muscle loss co\u2010occurred with bone loss in both cohorts, but the association in the NILS\u2010LSA tended to be stronger than in the BLSA, and the association was higher in women than in men, implying that the association may differ by sex and country.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13438","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T07:15:31Z","timestamp":1707462931000},"page":"746-755","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Longitudinal association between muscle and bone loss: Results of US and Japanese cohort studies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7706-5166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yusuke","family":"Osawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Health Management Keio University  Kanagawa Japan"},{"name":"Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging National Institutes of Health  Baltimore MD USA"},{"name":"Sports Medicine Research Center Keio University  Kanagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging National Institutes of Health  Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukiko","family":"Nishita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology of Aging National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology  Aichi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasumoto","family":"Matsui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Frailty and Locomotive Syndrome National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology  Obu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Takemura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Frailty and Locomotive Syndrome National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology  Obu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleanor M.","family":"Simonsick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging National Institutes of Health  Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Shimokata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of NILS\u2010LSA National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology  Obu Japan"},{"name":"Graduate School of Nutritional Sciences Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences  Nisshin Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rei","family":"Otsuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology of Aging National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology  Aichi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hidenori","family":"Arai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology  Obu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Ferrucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging National Institutes of Health  Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12567"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/gly162"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11005\/jbm.2018.25.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2019.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afy169"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glu010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-013-2531-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/gme.0b013e31823a40ba"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-1564"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2012.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03014460.2012.676067"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-014-9902-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-014-3009-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0137097"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.10753"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2001.16.7.1343"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/63.12.1416"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.10.1sup_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12458"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12715"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","volume-title":"Growth modeling: structural equation and multilevel modeling approaches","author":"Grimm KJ","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2022.116570"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0800741"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/71.6.1392"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20945\/2359-3997000000550"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-020-05744-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12358"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-012-0402-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-013-0160-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M116.770941"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1759720X221138354"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2019.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glaa095"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2020.00233"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-77848-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4061\/2011\/702735"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.28047"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003677-200404000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","first-page":"315","article-title":"Correlation of sex steroids with IGF\u20101 and IGFBP\u20103 during different pubertal stages","volume":"46","author":"Kanbur\u2010Oksuz N","year":"2004","journal-title":"Turk J Pediatr"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2017.02.003"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jcsm.13438","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]],"date-time":"2024-06-18T08:33:01Z","timestamp":1718699581000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jcsm.13438"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jcsm.13438"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcsm.13438","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2190-5991","2190-6009"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2190-5991","type":"print"},{"value":"2190-6009","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-05-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-01-14","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-02-08","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}