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This investigation aims to explore efficacy of protein\u2010enriched soup coupled with exercise on muscle health and metabolism in middle\u2010aged and older adults with suboptimal protein intake.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>An open\u2010label, 12\u2010week, randomized controlled trial involving participants with insufficient protein intake (&lt;1.0\u00a0g\/kg\/day) was done. The intervention group consumed protein\u2010enriched soup (24\u201330\u00a0g protein daily) and 1\u2010h weekly exercise, while controls received health education. Assessments included laboratory tests, functional assessments, and body composition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this trial, 97 out of 100 randomized participants (mean age: 64.65\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.84\u00a0years, 81.8% female) completed the study (47 in intervention group and 50 in control group). Compared results of baselines, at 1 and 3\u00a0months of intervention, significant improvements in waist circumference (83.48\u00a0\u00b1\u00a010.22 vs. 82.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a09.88 vs. 82.37\u00a0\u00b1\u00a09.42\u00a0cm, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> for trend\u00a0=\u00a00.046), 6\u2010min walking distance (525.65\u00a0\u00b1\u00a058.46 vs. 534.47\u00a0\u00b1\u00a051.87 vs. 552.02\u00a0\u00b1\u00a057.66\u00a0m, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> for trend\u00a0=\u00a00.001), five\u2010time sit\u2010to\u2010stand time (7.63\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.63 vs. 6.81\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.8 vs. 6.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.42\u00a0s, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> for trend &lt;0.001), grip strength (26.74\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06.54 vs. 27.53\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06.99 vs. 28.52\u00a0\u00b1\u00a07.09\u00a0kg, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> for trend &lt;0.001), and MNA score (26.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.14 vs. 27.73\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.74 vs. 27.55\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.72, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> for trend &lt;0.001) were discerned within the intervention group. The intervention demonstrated a significant reduction in serum triglyceride (105.32\u00a0\u00b1\u00a049.84 vs. 101.36\u00a0\u00b1\u00a042.58 vs. 93.43\u00a0\u00b1\u00a041.49\u00a0mg\/dL, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> for trend\u00a0=\u00a00.023), increased HDL\u2010C (60.04\u00a0\u00b1\u00a016.21 vs. 60\u00a0\u00b1\u00a017.37 vs. 62.55\u00a0\u00b1\u00a018.27\u00a0mg\/dL, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> for trend\u00a0=\u00a00.02), and DHEA\u2010S levels (97.11\u00a0\u00b1\u00a054.39 vs. 103.39\u00a0\u00b1\u00a056.75 vs. 106.83\u00a0\u00b1\u00a060.56\u00a0\u03bcg\/dL, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> for trend\u00a0=\u00a00.002). Serum myostatin did not differ in both groups, but serum leptin levels significantly increased (9118.88\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05811.68 vs. 11508.97\u00a0\u00b1\u00a07151.08 vs. 11220.80\u00a0\u00b1\u00a07190.71\u00a0pg\/mL, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> for trend\u00a0=\u00a00.016) in controls. The intervention group showed greater improvements in 6\u00a0min walking distance (\u03b2\u00a0=\u00a00.71, 95% CI: 6.88 to 40.79, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.006), five\u2010time sit\u2010to\u2010stand test (\u03b2\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.87, 95% CI: \u22121.59 to \u22120.15, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.017), MNA score (\u03b2\u00a0=\u00a00.96, 95% CI: 0.20 to 1.71, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.013), serum triglycerides (\u03b2\u00a0=\u00a0\u221215.01, 95% CI: \u221227.83 to \u22122.20, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.022), LDL\u2010C (\u03b2\u00a0=\u00a0\u22129.23, 95% CI: \u221216.98 to \u22121.47, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.020), and DHEA\u2010S levels (\u03b2\u00a0=\u00a09.98, 95% CI: 0.45 to 19.51, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.04) than controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Protein\u2010enriched soup with weekly exercise over 12\u00a0weeks significantly improved physical performance, lipid profile, and DHEA\u2010S levels among middle\u2010aged and older adults with inadequate protein intake, while studies assessing long\u2010term benefits of the intervention are needed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13481","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,20]],"date-time":"2024-04-20T08:13:24Z","timestamp":1713600804000},"page":"1348-1357","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Protein\u2010enriched soup and weekly exercise improve muscle health: A randomized trial in mid\u2010to\u2010old age with inadequate protein intake"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Li\u2010Ning","family":"Peng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Taipei Veterans General Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Center for Healthy Longevity and Aging Sciences National Yang Ming Chiao 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