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Age\u2010associated muscle mass indices provide a critical tool to help understand the development of sarcopenia. This study aimed to develop sex\u2010 and age\u2010specific percentiles for muscle mass indices in a Chinese population and to compare those indices with those from other ethnicities using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Whole\u2010body and regional muscle mass was measured by dual\u2010energy X\u2010ray absorptiometry (DXA) in participants of the China Body Composition Life\u2010course (BCL) study (17\u00a0203 healthy Chinese aged 3\u201360\u00a0years, male 48.9%) and NHANES (12\u00a0663 healthy Americans aged 8\u201359\u00a0years, male 50.4%). Age\u2010 and sex\u2010specific percentile curves were generated for whole\u2010body muscle mass and appendicular skeletal muscle mass using the Generalized Additive Model for Location Scale and Shape statistical method.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Values of upper and lower muscle mass across ages had three periods: an increase from age 3 to a peak at age 25 in males (with the 5th and 95th values of 41.5 and 66.4\u00a0kg, respectively) and age 23 in females (with the 5th and 95th values of 28.4 and 45.1\u00a0kg, respectively), a plateau through midlife (30s\u201350s) and then a decline after their early 50s. The age at which muscle mass began to decline was 52\u00a0years in men with the 5th and 95th percentile values of 43.5 and 64.6\u00a0kg, and 51\u00a0years in women with the 5th and 95th percentile values of 31.6 and 46.9\u00a0kg. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass decreased earlier than whole body muscle mass, especially leg skeletal muscle mass, which decreased slightly after age 49\u00a0years in both sexes. In comparison with their US counterparts in the NHANES, the Chinese participants had lower muscle mass indices (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) and reached a muscle mass peak earlier with a lower muscle mass, with the exception of similar values compared with adult Mexican and White participants. The muscle mass growth rate of Chinese children decreased faster than that of other races after the age of 13.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We present the sex\u2010 and age\u2010specific percentiles for muscle mass and appendicular skeletal muscle mass by DXA in participants aged 3\u201360 from China and compare them with those of different ethnic groups in NHANES. The rich data characterize the trajectories of key muscle mass indices that may facilitate the clinical appraisal of muscle mass and improve the early diagnosis of sarcopenia in the Chinese population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13522","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T05:50:23Z","timestamp":1719899423000},"page":"1687-1695","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["The life\u2010course changes in muscle mass using dual\u2010energy X\u2010ray absorptiometry: The China BCL study and the US NHANES study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Xi","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Noncommunicable Disease Management Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liwang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Noncommunicable Disease Management Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health  Beijing China"},{"name":"School of Public Health Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingfan","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child and Adolescent Chronic Diseases Prevention and Control Department Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control  Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Capital Institute of Pediatrics  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Guangdong Pharmaceutical University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongbo","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Noncommunicable Disease Management Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiwen","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Noncommunicable Disease Management Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongmin","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North China University of Science and Technology  Tangshan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Noncommunicable Disease Management Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinying","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Capital Institute of Pediatrics  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Noncommunicable Disease Management Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junting","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Health Big Data Research Center Capital Institute of Pediatrics  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinkun","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Noncommunicable Disease Management Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0630-8447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Mi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Noncommunicable Disease Management Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"National Bureau of Statistics.Communiqu \u00e9 of the Seventh National Population Census.2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"United States Census Bureau.2020 census results. 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