{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T05:16:18Z","timestamp":1793682978161,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]],"date-time":"2024-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N01\u2010AR\u20102\u20102258"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N01\u2010AR\u20102\u20102258"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N01\u2010AR\u20102\u20102259"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N01\u2010AR\u20102\u20102259"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N01\u2010AR\u20102\u20102260"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N01\u2010AR\u20102\u20102260"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N01\u2010AR\u20102\u20102261"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N01\u2010AR\u20102\u20102261"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N01\u2010AR\u20102\u20102262"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N01\u2010AR\u20102\u20102262"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01AG066603"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01AG066603"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AR079620\u201001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AR079620\u201001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Preclinical rheumatoid arthritis (Pre\u2010RA) is defined as the early stage before the development of clinical RA. While cachexia is a well\u2010known and potentially modifiable complication of RA, it is not known if such an association exists also in the Pre\u2010RA stage. To investigate such issue, we aimed to compare the longitudinal alterations in the muscle composition and adiposity of participants with Pre\u2010RA with the matched controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this observational cohort study, the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) participants were categorized into Pre\u2010RA and propensity score (PS)\u2010matched control groups. Pre\u2010RA was retrospectively defined as the absence of RA from baseline to year\u20102, with progression to physician\u2010diagnosed clinical RA between years 3\u20138 of the follow\u2010up period. Using a validated deep learning algorithm, we measured MRI biomarkers of thigh muscles and adiposity at baseline and year\u20102 follow\u2010ups of the cohort. The outcomes were the differences between Pre\u2010RA and control groups in the 2\u2010year rate of change for thigh muscle composition [cross\u2010sectional area (CSA) and intramuscular adipose tissue (Intra\u2010MAT)] and adiposity [intermuscular adipose tissue (Inter\u2010MAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT)]. Linear mixed\u2010effect regression models were used for comparison.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      After 1:3 PS\u2010matching of the groups for confounding variables (demographics, risk factors, co\u2010morbidities, and knee osteoarthritis status), 408 thighs (102 Pre\u2010RA and 306 control) of 322 participants were included (age mean\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0SD: 61.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a08.9\u00a0years; female\/male: 1.8). Over a 2\u2010year period, Pre\u2010RA was associated with a larger decrease in total thigh muscle CSA [estimate, 95% confidence interval (CI): \u2212180.13\u00a0mm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/2\u2010year, \u2212252.80 to \u2212107.47,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010value\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001]. Further examination of thigh muscle composition showed that the association of the presence of Pre\u2010RA with a larger decrease in muscle CSA over 2\u00a0years was noticeable in the quadriceps, flexors, and sartorius muscle groups (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010values\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). Comparison of changes in total adipose tissue showed no difference between Pre\u2010RA and control participants (estimate, 95% CI: 48.48\u00a0mm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/2\u2010year, \u2212213.51 to 310.47,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010value\u00a0=\u00a00.691). However, in the detailed analysis of thigh adiposity, Pre\u2010RA presence was associated with a larger increase in Inter\u2010MAT (estimate, 95% CI: 150.55\u00a0mm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/2\u2010year, 95.58 to 205.51,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010value\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Preclinical rheumatoid arthritis is associated with a decrease in muscle cross\u2010sectional area and an increase in intermuscular adipose tissue, similar to rheumatoid cachexia in clinical rheumatoid arthritis. These findings suggest the presence of cachexia in the preclinical phase of rheumatoid arthritis. Given that cachexia, which can exacerbate health outcomes, is potentially modifiable, this study emphasizes the importance of early identification of patients in their preclinical phase.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13533","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]],"date-time":"2024-06-24T23:29:52Z","timestamp":1719271792000},"page":"1823-1833","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Cachexia in preclinical rheumatoid arthritis: Longitudinal observational study of thigh magnetic resonance imaging from osteoarthritis initiative cohort"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Kamyar","family":"Moradi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bahram","family":"Mohajer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Guermazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Boston University School of Medicine  Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. Kent","family":"Kwoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Arizona Arthritis Center University of Arizona College of Medicine  Tucson AZ USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clifton O.","family":"Bingham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology Johns Hopkins University  Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soheil","family":"Mohammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank W.","family":"Roemer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Boston University School of Medicine  Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Erlangen &amp; Friedrich\u2010Alexander\u2010Universit\u00e4t Erlangen\u2010N\u00fcrnberg  Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5991-5924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shadpour","family":"Demehri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Russell H. 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