{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T15:52:00Z","timestamp":1791993120291,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]],"date-time":"2024-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020624","name":"NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020624","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Skeletal muscle is a highly plastic tissue crucial for many functions associated with whole\u2010body health across the life course. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the current gold standard for measuring skeletal muscle size. However, MRI is expensive, and access to facilities is often limited. B\u2010mode ultrasonography (U\/S) has been proposed as a potential alternative to MRI for the assessment of muscle size. However, to date, no work has explored the utility of U\/S to assess disuse muscle atrophy (DMA) across muscles with different atrophy susceptibility profiles, an omission which may limit the clinical application of previous work.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>To address this significant knowledge gap, 10 young men (22\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0\u00a0years, 24.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.3\u00a0kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) underwent 15\u2010day unilateral leg immobilization using a knee\u2010brace and air boot. Cross\u2010sectional area (CSA) and muscle thickness (MT) of the tibialis anterior (TA) and medial gastrocnemius (MG) were assessed via U\/S before and after immobilization, with CSA and muscle volume assessed via MRI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>With both muscles combined, there were good correlations between each U\/S and MRI measure, both before (e.g., CSA<jats:sub>MRI<\/jats:sub> vs. MT<jats:sub>U\/S<\/jats:sub> and CSA<jats:sub>U\/S<\/jats:sub>: <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.88 and 0.94, respectively, both <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001) and after (e.g., VOL<jats:sub>MRI<\/jats:sub> vs. MT<jats:sub>U\/S<\/jats:sub> and CSA<jats:sub>U\/S<\/jats:sub>: <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.90 and 0.96, respectively, both <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001) immobilization. The relationship between the methods was notably stronger for MG than TA at each time\u2010point (e.g., CSA<jats:sub>MRI<\/jats:sub> vs. MT<jats:sub>U\/S<\/jats:sub>: MG, <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.70, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0006; TA, <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.37, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.10). There was no relationship between the degree of DMA determined by the two methods in either muscle (e.g., TA pre\u2010 vs. post\u2010immobilization, VOL<jats:sub>MRI<\/jats:sub>: 136\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06 vs. 133\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.08; CSA<jats:sub>U\/S<\/jats:sub>: 6.05\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.3 vs. 5.92\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.4, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.70; relationship between methods: <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.12, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.75).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both MT<jats:sub>U\/S<\/jats:sub> and CSA<jats:sub>U\/S<\/jats:sub> provide comparable static measures of lower leg muscle size compared with MRI, albeit with weaker agreement in TA compared to MG. Although both MT<jats:sub>U\/S<\/jats:sub> and CSA<jats:sub>U\/S<\/jats:sub> can discern differences in DMA susceptibility between muscles, neither can reliably assess degree of DMA. Based on the growing recognition of heterogeneous atrophy profiles between muscles, and the topical importance of less commonly studied muscles (i.e., TA for falls prevention in older adults), future research should aim to optimize accessible methods to determine muscle losses across the body.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13583","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]],"date-time":"2024-08-26T07:59:20Z","timestamp":1724659160000},"page":"2487-2496","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Exploring the utility of ultrasound to assess disuse atrophy in different muscles of the lower leg"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Edward J.","family":"Hardy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Metabolism, Ageing &amp; Physiology (COMAP), MRC\u2010Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research (CMAR), and Nottingham NIHR Biomedical 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H.","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science and Technology Nottingham Trent University  Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan N.","family":"Lund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Metabolism, Ageing &amp; Physiology (COMAP), MRC\u2010Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research (CMAR), and Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre University of Nottingham, School of Medicine  Derby UK"},{"name":"Department of Surgery Royal Derby Hospital  Derby UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Metabolism, Ageing &amp; Physiology (COMAP), MRC\u2010Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research (CMAR), and Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre University of Nottingham, School of Medicine  Derby 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