{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]],"date-time":"2026-08-02T08:28:23Z","timestamp":1785659303166,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,29]],"date-time":"2024-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23NS104211"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23NS104211"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["L30NS108301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L30NS108301"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01NS128478"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS128478"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hip\u2010related pain (HRP) affects young to middle\u2010aged active adults and impacts physical activity, finances and quality of life. HRP includes conditions like femoroacetabular impingement syndrome and labral tears. Lateral hip muscle dysfunction and atrophy in HRP are more pronounced in advanced hip pathology, with limited evidence in younger populations. While MRI use for assessing hip muscle morphology is increasing, with automated deep\u2010learning techniques showing promise, studies assessing their accuracy are limited. Therefore, we aimed to compare hip intramuscular fat infiltrate (MFI) and muscle volume, in individuals with and without HRP as well as assess the reliability and accuracy of automated machine\u2010learning segmentations compared with human\u2010generated segmentation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This cross\u2010sectional study included sub\u2010elite\/amateur football players (Australian football and soccer) with a greater than 6\u2010month history of HRP [<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009180, average age 28.32, (standard deviation 5.88) years, 19% female] and a control group of sub\u2010elite\/amateur football players without pain [<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200948, 28.89 (6.22) years, 29% female]. Muscle volume and MFI of gluteus maximus, medius, minimis and tensor fascia latae were assessed using MRI. Associations between muscle volume and group were explored using linear regression models, controlling for body mass index, age, sport and sex. A convolutional neural network (CNN) machine\u2010learning approach was compared with human\u2010performed muscle segmentations in a subset of participants (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200952) using intraclass correlation coefficients and Sorensen\u2013Dice index.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>When considering adjusted estimates of muscle volume, there were significant differences observed between groups for gluteus medius (adjusted mean difference 23\u2009858\u2009mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> [95% confidence interval 7563, 40\u2009137]; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.004) and tensor fascia latae (6660\u2009mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> [2440, 13\u2009075]; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.042). No differences were observed between groups for gluteus maximus (18\u2009265\u2009mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> [\u221221\u2009209, 50\u2009782]; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.419) or minimus (3893\u2009mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> [\u22122209, 9996]; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.21). The CNN was trained for 30\u2009000 iterations and assessed its accuracy and reliability on an independent testing dataset, achieving high segmentation accuracy (mean Sorenson\u2013Dice index &gt;0.900) and excellent muscle volume and MFI reliability (ICC<jats:sub>2,1<\/jats:sub>\u2009&gt;\u20090.900). The CNN outperformed manual raters, who had slightly lower interrater accuracy (Sorensen\u2013Dice index &gt;0.800) and reliability (ICC<jats:sub>2,1<\/jats:sub>\u2009&gt;\u20090.800).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The increased muscle volumes in the symptomatic group compared with controls could be associated with increased myofibrillar size, sarcoplasmic hypertrophy or both. These changes may facilitate greater muscular efficiency for a given load, enabling the athlete to maintain their normal level of function. In addition, the CNNs for muscle segmentation was more efficient and demonstrated excellent reliability in comparison to manual segmentations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13608","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T01:44:29Z","timestamp":1727660669000},"page":"2642-2650","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Muscle Fat and Volume Differences in People With Hip\u2010Related Pain Compared With Controls: A Machine Learning Approach"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Chris","family":"Stewart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, Discipline of Physiotherapy La Trobe University  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evert O.","family":"Wesselink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine Stanford University  Palo Alto California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zuzana","family":"Perraton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, Discipline of Physiotherapy La Trobe University  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"II","given":"Kenneth A.","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine Stanford University  Palo Alto California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew G.","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, Discipline of Physiotherapy La Trobe University  Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport La Trobe University  Bundoora Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanne L.","family":"Kemp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport La Trobe University  Bundoora Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin F.","family":"Mentiplay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport La Trobe University  Bundoora Australia"},{"name":"Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport La Trobe University  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kay M.","family":"Crossley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport La Trobe University  Bundoora Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James M.","family":"Elliott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health, Northern Sydney Local Health District and the University of Sydney The Kolling Institute St Leonards  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences University of Queensland  Brisbane Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua J.","family":"Heerey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport La Trobe University  Bundoora Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark J.","family":"Scholes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport La Trobe University  Bundoora Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter R.","family":"Lawrenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport La Trobe University  Bundoora Australia"},{"name":"School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences University of Queensland  Brisbane Australia"},{"name":"Innovation and Research Centre, Community and Oral Health Directorate Metro North Health  Brisbane Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Calabrese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport La Trobe University  Bundoora Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam I.","family":"Semciw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, Discipline of Physiotherapy La Trobe University  Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Department of Allied Health Northern Health  Epping Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2019-101458"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2019-101453"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2010.3025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2010.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2023.102784"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2022.09.117"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","first-page":"677","article-title":"Automated Multi\u2010Atlas Segmentation of Gluteus Maximus From Dixon and T1\u2010Weighted Magnetic Resonance Images","volume":"33","author":"Belzunce M. A.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Magma (New York, N.Y.)"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-95972-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphys.2017.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465211027180"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2019-101456"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2021-001199"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","volume-title":"Grieve's Modern Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy","author":"Abbott R. J.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-44416-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.25158"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2013.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2013.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.14119"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002297"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2020.09.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2017.7380"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2009.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2012.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097839"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26603\/001c.36528"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.23064"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181e840f3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/msc.1826"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-062954"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2019.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2014.10.033"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jcsm.13608","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T02:29:52Z","timestamp":1733970592000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jcsm.13608"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,29]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jcsm.13608"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcsm.13608","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2190-5991","2190-6009"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2190-5991","type":"print"},{"value":"2190-6009","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-12-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-29","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-29","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}