{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:04:15Z","timestamp":1785888255152,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008792","name":"Novartis Pharma","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008792","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21H03309"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21H03309"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19K11424"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19K11424"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Asian Working Group for Cachexia (AWGC) proposed a new definition of cachexia; however, its impact on cachexia prevalence and overlaps with other conditions, such as sarcopenia and malnutrition, are unclear. We investigated these aspects and the prognostic value of cachexia based on the AWGC on mortality in older patients with heart failure (HF).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study was a secondary analysis of a prospective multicentre cohort, namely, the FRAGILE\u2010HF cohort study. Older (\u2265\u200965\u2009years) patients who had been hospitalized due to decompensated HF were enrolled. We assessed the presence\/absence of cachexia based on the AWGC and Evans' criteria. Sarcopenia and malnutrition based on the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2014 and the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria were also assessed to compare their prevalence and the overlaps between them. Patients were stratified in relation to the presence\/absence of cachexia based on the AWGC criteria, and their mortality rates were compared.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 861 enrolled patients (median [interquartile range] age, 80\u2009years [73\u201385\u2009years]; male, 58.9%), cachexia, as evaluated based on the AWGC and Evans' criteria, sarcopenia and malnutrition, was present in 74.1%, 36.2%, 20.6% and 55.2% of patients, respectively. AWGC\u2010defined cachexia was most common in the four conditions. All\u2010cause death events occurred in 153 (18.1%) patients in 2\u2009years. AWGC\u2010defined cachexia (adjusted hazard ratio [aHRs], 1.442; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.931\u20132.233; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.101) was not associated with all\u2010cause mortality in older patients with HF after adjusting for other HF prognosis factors, such as the B\u2010type natriuretic peptide and the Meta\u2010Analysis Global Group in Chronic risk score, whereas cachexia evaluated based on Evans's criteria (aHRs, 1.547; 95% CI, 1.118\u20132.141; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.009), sarcopenia (aHRs, 1.737; 95% CI, 1.214\u20132.485; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003), and malnutrition (aHRs, 1.581; 95% CI, 1.094\u20132.284; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.015) was associated with all\u2010cause mortality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three\u2010quarters of older patients with HF had cachexia as evaluated by the AWGC criteria, and this was not associated with a worse prognosis. As the new AWGC cachexia criteria will result in a significantly larger proportion of patients being diagnosed with cachexia, the implementation of the criteria in clinical practice requires further consideration.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Trial Registration:<\/jats:bold> UMIN\u2010CTR unique identifier: UMIN000023929<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13610","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,6]],"date-time":"2024-11-06T03:15:03Z","timestamp":1730862903000},"page":"2660-2668","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Prevalence and Prognostic Value of Cachexia Diagnosed by New Definition for Asian People in Older Patients With Heart Failure"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8546-8777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takumi","family":"Noda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences  Sagamihara Japan"},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Rehabilitation National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center  Suita Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emi","family":"Maekawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Kitasato University School of Medicine  Sagamihara Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daichi","family":"Maeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shota","family":"Uchida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, School of Allied Health Sciences Kitasato University  Sagamihara Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masashi","family":"Yamashita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences  Sagamihara Japan"},{"name":"Division of Research ARCE Inc.  Sagamihara Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuaki","family":"Hamazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Kitasato University Hospital  Sagamihara Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kohei","family":"Nozaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Kitasato University Hospital  Sagamihara Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Kameda Medical Center  Kamogawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuya","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation The Sakakibara Heart Institute of Okayama  Okayama 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University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Ozawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Odawara Municipal Hospital  Odawara Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsuya","family":"Izawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Matsui Heart Clinic  Saitama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuhei","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Shinshu University Hospital  Matsumoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Aizawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nephrology and Neurology University of the Ryukyus  Nishihara 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