{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:45:58Z","timestamp":1786977958750,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,17]],"date-time":"2024-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) manifest in cognitive impairment and gait disorders. The precise similarities and differences in gait characteristics and underlying neuroimaging mechanisms remain unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 399 participants were enrolled: 132 with probable\n                      <jats:sc>AD<\/jats:sc>\n                      , including 98 with mild cognitive impairment due to\n                      <jats:sc>AD<\/jats:sc>\n                      (\n                      <jats:sc>AD<\/jats:sc>\n                      \u2010MCI) and 34 with\n                      <jats:sc>AD<\/jats:sc>\n                      dementia, and 185 with CSVD and 82 healthy controls. CSVD patients with cognitive impairment, including subcortical vascular mild cognitive impairment (svMCI) and subcortical vascular dementia, were grouped as subcortical vascular cognitive impairment (SVCI). Voxel\u2010based morphology analysis assessed grey matter volume (GMV), while cerebral blood flow (CBF) was derived from 3D\u2010arterial spin labelling data. Gait metrics included the timed up and go (TUG) test, dual\u2010task TUG (DTUG) test, Berg balance scale (BBS), dual\u2010task cost (DTC), step length, gait speed, cadence and coefficient of variation of gait. The relationships among structural and perfusion variations, gait metrics and cognitive function were examined.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      SVCI patients exhibited greater gait impairments and variability than those with\n                      <jats:sc>AD<\/jats:sc>\n                      , while\n                      <jats:sc>AD<\/jats:sc>\n                      patients experienced higher DTC (\n                      <jats:italic>p\u2009&lt;<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u20090.05). These differences were most evident in the MCI stage. In\n                      <jats:sc>AD<\/jats:sc>\n                      , gait speed correlated with GMV in the left middle occipital gyrus (\n                      <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20096.149), middle temporal gyrus (\n                      <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20094.595), right precuneus (\n                      <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20095.174) and other regions (all\n                      <jats:italic>p\u2009&lt;<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u20090.025). In SVCI, gait speed was linked to thalamic GMV (\n                      <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20096.004,\n                      <jats:italic>p\u2009&lt;<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u20090.025). Altered CBF in the parietal lobe and precuneus was associated with DTUG (\n                      <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20095.672), gait speed (\n                      <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20094.347) and BBS (\n                      <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20094.153) in\n                      <jats:sc>AD<\/jats:sc>\n                      , while cerebellar CBF related to TUG (\n                      <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20096.042), DTUG (\n                      <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20094.857) and BBS (\n                      <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20097.097) in SVCI (all\n                      <jats:italic>p\u2009&lt;<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u20090.025). In\n                      <jats:sc>AD<\/jats:sc>\n                      \u2010MCI, memory mediated the effect of hippocampal volume on DTC (indirect effect: \u22122.432, 95% CI [\u22125.503, \u22120.438]), while executive function (indirect effect: \u22122.920, 95% CI [\u22127.227, \u22120.695]) and processing speed (indirect effect: \u22122.286, 95% CI [\u22125.174, \u22120.484]) mediated the effect on DTUG. In svMCI, executive function mediated the effect of thalamic volume on step length (indirect effect: 2.309, 95% CI [0.486, 4.685]) and gait speed (indirect effect: 2.029, 95% CI [0.142, 4.588]), while processing speed mediated the effect on step length (indirect effect: 1.777, 95% CI [0.311, 4.021]).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Different gait disorder characteristics and mechanisms were observed in\n                      <jats:sc>AD<\/jats:sc>\n                      and CSVD patients. In\n                      <jats:sc>AD<\/jats:sc>\n                      , gait is associated with volume\/perfusion in posterior brain regions, whereas in SVCI, it relates to thalamic volume and cerebellar perfusion. Cognitive impairment mediates the effect of hippocampal and thalamic volumes on gait in\n                      <jats:sc>AD<\/jats:sc>\n                      \u2010MCI and svMCI, respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13616","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,17]],"date-time":"2024-11-17T23:40:39Z","timestamp":1731886839000},"page":"2717-2728","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Distinctive Gait Variations and Neuroimaging Correlates in Alzheimer's Disease and Cerebral Small Vessel Disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Xia","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University  Hefei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen\u2010Wen","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University  Hefei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao\u2010Juan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University  Hefei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Si\u2010Lu","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University  Hefei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi\u2010Wei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University  Hefei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming\u2010Xu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University  Hefei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng\u2010Meng","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University  Hefei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya\u2010Ting","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University  Hefei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia\u2010Bin","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University  Hefei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen\u2010Hui","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University  Hefei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC  Hefei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University  Hefei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University  Hefei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University  Hefei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao\u2010Qun","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University  Hefei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7230-9328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhong\u2010Wu","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University  Hefei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2015.12.092"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2008.01758.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007654"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12882"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-181227"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24591"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/ADR-210065"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2020.571074"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002093-199709000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007039"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-221174"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-097X.2009.00864.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21249729"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2006.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S2070"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2010.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2022.07.156"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12807"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2022.05.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0265636"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.27.070203.144130"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2016.06.2365"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.10.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2021.101450"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.06.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2016.00088"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-016-9562-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.1048"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.16309"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0183989"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.18521"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dad2.12228"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02466"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8891458"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14802\/jmd.16062"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.01.082"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jcsm.13616","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]],"date-time":"2024-12-11T21:30:26Z","timestamp":1733952626000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jcsm.13616"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,17]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jcsm.13616"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcsm.13616","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2190-5991","2190-6009"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2190-5991","type":"print"},{"value":"2190-6009","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-01-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-18","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}