{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T22:45:59Z","timestamp":1792017959871,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,22]],"date-time":"2024-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ageing is associated with a gradual loss of muscle strength, which in the end may have consequences for survival. Whether muscle strength and mortality risk associate in a gradual or threshold\u2010specific manner remains unclear. This study investigates the prospective association of muscle strength with all\u2010cause mortality in the oldest old.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included 1890 adults aged \u2265 90\u2009years (61.6% women, mean age 91.0\u2009\u00b1\u20091.5\u2009years) from 27 European countries and Israel participating in the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) study. Muscle strength was assessed using handgrip dynamometry (unit: kilogram). Using time\u2010varying Cox regression with restricted cubic splines, we determined the prospective association of muscle strength with mortality, controlling for age, sex, smoking, BMI, marital status, education, geographical region and self\u2010perceived health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Over a mean follow\u2010up of 4.2\u2009\u00b1\u20092.4\u2009years, more than half of the participants died (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009971, 51.4%). The mean handgrip strength was 20.4\u2009\u00b1\u20098.0\u2009kg for all participants, with men (26.7\u2009\u00b1\u20097.5\u2009kg) showing significantly higher strength than women (16.4\u2009\u00b1\u20095.4\u2009kg) (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Using the median level of muscle strength as reference (18\u2009kg), lower and higher levels were associated in a gradual and curvilinear fashion with higher and lower mortality risk, respectively. The 10\n                      <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                      percentile of muscle strength (10\u2009kg) showed a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.27 (95% CI 1.13\u20131.43,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The 90\n                      <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                      percentile (31\u2009kg) showed an HR of 0.69 (95% CI 0.58\u20130.82,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Stratified for sex, the median levels of muscle strength were 26\u2009kg for men and 16\u2009kg for women. The 10\n                      <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                      percentile of muscle strength showed HRs of 1.33 (95% CI 1.10\u20131.61,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) at 15\u2009kg for men and 1.19 (95% CI 1.05\u20131.35,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01) at 10\u2009kg for women. The 90\n                      <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                      percentile of muscle strength showed HRs of 0.75 (95% CI 0.59\u20130.95,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01) at 35\u2009kg for men and 0.75 (95% CI 0.62\u20130.90,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) at 23\u2009kg for women. Sensitivity analyses, which excluded individuals who died within the first 2\u2009years of follow\u2010up, confirmed the main findings.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rather than a specific threshold, muscle strength is gradually and inversely associated with mortality risk in the oldest old. As muscle strength at all ages is highly adaptive to resistance training, these findings highlight the importance of improving muscle strength in both men and women among the oldest old.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13619","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]],"date-time":"2024-10-23T00:25:13Z","timestamp":1729643113000},"page":"2756-2764","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Association of Muscle Strength With All\u2010Cause Mortality in the Oldest Old: Prospective Cohort Study From 28 Countries"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Lars\u00a0Louis","family":"Andersen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Centre for the Working Environment  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7865-3429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rub\u00e9n","family":"L\u00f3pez\u2010Bueno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Centre for the Working Environment  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH\u2010RG), Department of Physiotherapy University of Valencia  Valencia Spain"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Nursing University of Zaragoza  Zaragoza Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"N\u00fa\u00f1ez\u2010Cort\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine University of Chile  Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo\u00a0Lusa","family":"Cadore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul  Porto Alegre Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Polo\u2010L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH\u2010RG), Department of Physiotherapy University of Valencia  Valencia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joaqu\u00edn","family":"Calatayud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Centre for the Working Environment  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH\u2010RG), Department of Physiotherapy University of Valencia  Valencia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-014-9915-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12832"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurger.2015.12.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-014-9689-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001104"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20075362"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12502"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a029793"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0000000000000202"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/55.3.M168"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afac117"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111951"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2022.101778"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pulmoe.2022.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15459683231207359"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2023.101813"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-020-01128-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-7-340"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-017-0869-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2152\/jmi.71.169"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.091278"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12840"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","first-page":"31","article-title":"Reduced Handgrip Strength Is Associated With 1 Year\u2010Mortality in Brazilian Frail Nonagenarians and Centenarians","volume":"13","author":"S\u00e1ez de Asteasu M. 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