{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T15:14:43Z","timestamp":1787238883711,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Long COVID\u201019 illness is a severely disabling disease with shortness of breath, weakness and fatigue as leading symptoms, resulting in poor quality of life and substantial delay in return to work.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>No specific respiratory therapy has been validated for patients with long COVID. The intermittent hypoxia\u2013hyperoxia training (IHHT) is a respiratory therapeutic modality to improve exercise performance via controlled respiratory conditioning. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the therapeutic effect of IHHT on functional and symptomatic recovery of patients with long COVID syndrome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A prospective, controlled, open\u2010treatment interventional study was conducted in patients with long COVID who were admitted to an inpatient rehabilitation programme. Patients were assigned nonrandomized to receive IHHT in addition to the standardized rehabilitation programme (IHHT group) or standard rehabilitation alone (control group). The IHHT group received supervised sessions of intermittent hypoxic (10\u201312% O\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) and hyperoxic (30\u201335% O\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) breathing three times per week throughout the rehabilitation period. Primary endpoint was improved walking distance in a 6\u2010min walk test (6MWT) between study groups. Secondary endpoints were change in stair climbing power, dyspnoea (Borg dyspnoea Scale), fatigue assessment scale (FAS) and change in health\u2010related quality of life (HRQoL) assessed by patient global assessment (PGA), EQ\u20105D analogue scale and the MEDIAN Corona Recovery Score (MCRS). Further assessments included maximum handgrip strength, nine hole peg test, timed up\u2010and\u2010go, respiratory function and functional ambulation category (FAC), serum analyses and safety of the intervention.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 145 patients were included in the study (74% female, mean age 53\u2009\u00b1\u200912 years) and assigned to IHHT (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200970) or standard care (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200975). The 6MWT distance improved 2.8\u2010fold in the IHHT group compared to the control group (91.7\u2009\u00b1\u200950.1\u2009m vs. 32.6\u2009\u00b1\u200954.2\u2009m, ANCOVA\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Stair climbing power improved 3.7\u2010fold in the IHHT group compared to controls (\u22121.91\u2009\u00b1\u20092.23\u2009s vs. \u22120.51\u2009\u00b1\u20091.93\u2009s,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Secondary endpoints on dyspnoea, fatigue and HRQoL (PGA, EQ\u20105D and MCRS) improved significantly in the IHHT group compared to controls. The IHHT group exhibited a significant decrease in blood pressure, heart rate and increase in haemoglobin levels that was not observed in the control group. No adverse events were observed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Respiratory treatment with IHHT in addition to a multidisciplinary rehabilitation programme improves functional capacity, symptomatic status and quality of life in patients with disabling long COVID. IHHT has been demonstrated to be safe, well tolerated and feasible to be integrated in an inpatient rehabilitation programme to improve outcome in long COVID.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13628","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T04:43:52Z","timestamp":1731991432000},"page":"2781-2791","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Intermittent Hypoxic\u2013Hyperoxic Training During Inpatient Rehabilitation Improves Exercise Capacity and Functional Outcome in Patients With Long Covid: Results of a Controlled Clinical Pilot Trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7598-708X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wolfram","family":"Doehner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies Charit\u00e9 \u2010 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin  Berlin Germany"},{"name":"German Heart Center of the Charite, Department of Cardiology, Campus Virchow, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin Charit\u00e9 \u2010 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin  Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB) Charit\u00e9 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azadeh","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies Charit\u00e9 \u2010 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Banafsheh","family":"Alimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Klinik f\u00fcr Kardiologie und Pneumologie Median Klinikum Flechtingen  Flechtingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasmin","family":"Muhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Klinik f\u00fcr Kardiologie und Pneumologie Median Klinikum Flechtingen  Flechtingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jochen","family":"Springer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies Charit\u00e9 \u2010 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Altmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MVZ Cardiologicum Dresden und Pirna Studienzentrum Dresden  Dresden Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Per\u00a0Otto","family":"Schueller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Klinik f\u00fcr Kardiologie und Pneumologie Median Klinikum Flechtingen  Flechtingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-95565-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","unstructured":"NICE \u201cGuideline on Management of Long COVID \u201dhttps:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/NG188."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamahealthforum.2023.0010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj\u20102022\u2010071050"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.28852"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-023-02043-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101762"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.750378"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/cardio.2023.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.975992"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","unstructured":"Techniker Krankenkasse Gesundheitsreport \u201czum Schwerpunkt LONG\u2010COVID \u201d (2022) https:\/\/www.tk.de\/resource\/blob\/2129682\/70045874c0f603398581fe24de20219f\/tk\u2010gesundheitsreport\u20102022\u2010schwerpunkt\u2010long\u2010covid\u2010data.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100683"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-023-02171-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pulmoe.2020.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02197\u20102020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1193-9315"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192114261"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2012.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ham.2018.0014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.899096"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trci.2017.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","first-page":"145","article-title":"Adaptation to Dosed Hypoxia\u2010Hyperoxia as Factor in Improving the Quality of Life of Patients With Cardiac Pathology","volume":"32","author":"Glazachev O. S.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Advances in Gerontology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.22670"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1573403X17666210514005235"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","unstructured":"Ergebnisqualitaet bei Long COVID \u201cMEDIAN Qualitaetsbericht 2021\u20132022a. Chapter\u00a04.7 \u201d 146\u2013149 accessed 22 February 2024 https:\/\/www.median\u2010kliniken.de\/fileadmin\/qualitatsbericht\/index.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2014.06.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-020-04410-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370217723578"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu385"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0908355"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2022.10.423"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798\u2010022\u201000450\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2020.00026"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279\u2010017\u20100733\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-020-00554-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/7315714"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10060958"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2008.12"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/cardio.2024.21"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00922.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-012-2392-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2016.00675"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10517-005-0466-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00208.2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/cardio.2024.35"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jcsm.13628","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]],"date-time":"2024-12-11T21:33:01Z","timestamp":1733952781000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jcsm.13628"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jcsm.13628"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcsm.13628","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2190-5991","2190-6009"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2190-5991","type":"print"},{"value":"2190-6009","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-08-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-23","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-19","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}