{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T07:03:47Z","timestamp":1793171027544,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,8]],"date-time":"2024-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sarcopenia is the gradual decrease in skeletal muscle mass, strength and function in elderly individuals. Gamma\u2010aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a neurotransmitter naturally produced from glutamate by the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase. Age\u2010related decline in GABA is linked to age\u2010related motor and sensory decline and seems to affect sarcopenia, yet no detailed study has been conducted. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of GABA on improving sarcopenia by suppressing muscle protein degradation through supplementing decreased GABA in old mice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GABA (10 or 30\u2009mg\/kg\/day) was orally administered daily to young (3\u2009months) and old (21\u201323\u2009months) C57BL\/6 mice for 7\u2009weeks. The body weight and grip strength of the mice were measured weekly at the same time. After sacrificing the mice, the quadriceps and gastrocnemius muscles were excised from their hind limbs, and the spleen and serum were collected. Histological, biochemical and molecular analyses were conducted in various experiments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The administration of GABA increased muscle strength (+41%, +70% compared to the aged mouse control group, GABA at doses of 10 or 30\u2009mg\/kg\/day respectively,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and muscle mass (quadriceps: +28%, +46%; gastrocnemius: +12%, +19%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) in old mice. This increase was accompanied by a cross\u2010sectional area (CSA) increase in the quadriceps and gastrocnemius muscle (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The administration of GABA increased IGF\u20101 levels in serum (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), leading to the activation of muscle protein synthesis. We found that GABA inhibits sarcopenia by regulating muscle protein degradation through the activation of Akt\/mTOR\/FoxO3a signalling pathways. GABA also regulates inflammaging, which is a hallmark of age\u2010related muscle atrophy. There was a significant increase in the F4\/80\u2009+\u2009CD11b\u2009+\u2009total macrophage ratio in gastrocnemius and spleen, especially the M1 macrophage ratio increased in old mice. However, GABA administration was effective in suppressing M1 macrophages (gastrocnemius: \u221240%, \u2212 53%; spleen: \u221222%, \u221226%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines such as TNF\u2010\u03b1 and IL\u20106, primarily secreted by M1 macrophages, are also decreased by treatment with GABA (TNF\u2010\u03b1: \u221224%, \u221227%; IL\u20106: \u221245%, \u221259%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Together, this study demonstrates the importance of GABA in maintaining muscle and low\u2010chronic inflammation during ageing. We suggest that GABA shows potential as a substance that can effectively address sarcopenia and enhance the overall lifespan and well\u2010being of older individuals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13646","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,8]],"date-time":"2024-11-08T05:52:23Z","timestamp":1731045143000},"page":"2852-2864","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["GABA Prevents Sarcopenia by Regulation of Muscle Protein Degradation and Inflammaging in 23\u2010 to 25\u2010Month\u2010Old Female Mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Gunju","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science CHA University  Seongnam South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun\u2010Ji","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science CHA University  Seongnam South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heegu","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science CHA University  Seongnam South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyein","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science CHA University  Seongnam South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boo\u2010Yong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science CHA University  Seongnam South 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