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Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004398","name":"Mitsubishi Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004398","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Diaphragm thickness is a potential marker of sarcopenia in addition to muscle mass and strength at extremities. We aimed to clarify the descriptive epidemiology and prognostic significance of diaphragm thickness in the general population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study participants were 3324 community residents (mean age: 61.4\u2009\u00b1\u200912.8\u2009years) who participated in a longitudinal cohort study. Clinical parameters were obtained during the follow\u2010up survey of the study population. Diaphragm thickness was measured from B\u2010mode ultrasound images obtained in a supine position. Clinical and physical factors independently associated with diaphragm thickness were assessed by a linear regression model and a causal mediation analysis. All\u2010cause mortality was determined by reviewing residential registry records. Prognostic significance of diaphragm thickness for all\u2010cause mortality was examined using a Cox proportional hazard model analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Diaphragm thickness was greater in men than women (end\u2010expiration, \u03b2\u2009=\u20090.161,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001; end\u2010inspiration, \u03b2\u2009=\u20090.156,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and associated with waist circumference (end\u2010expiration, \u03b2\u2009=\u20090.259,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001; end\u2010inspiration, \u03b2\u2009=\u20090.128,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Handgrip strength, smoking habit, insulin resistance and exercise habit were not associated with diaphragm thickness. Skeletal muscle mass index showed apparent association with diaphragm thickness, though this association was not observed after adjusting for waist circumference. Over a mean follow\u2010up of 1686\u2009days (15\u2009358 person\u2010years), there were 56 cases of all\u2010cause mortality. Weak handgrip strength (hazard ratio\u2009=\u20090.95,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.044) and low forced vital capacity (hazard ratio\u2009=\u20090.57,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.045) were associated with all\u2010cause mortality, though none of the diaphragm thickness parameters showed a significant association (thickness at end\u2010expiration,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.722; thickness at end\u2010inspiration,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.277; thickening fraction,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.219).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Waist circumference but not parameters of sarcopenia was independently associated with diaphragm thickness. Diaphragm thickness was not associated with all\u2010cause mortality. Diaphragm thickness may not be a marker of systemic sarcopenia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13690","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,25]],"date-time":"2025-01-25T05:39:16Z","timestamp":1737783556000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Descriptive Epidemiology and Prognostic Significance of Diaphragm Thickness in the General Population: The Nagahama Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4505-7951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasuharu","family":"Tabara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Public Health Shizuoka Graduate University of Public Health  Shizuoka Japan"},{"name":"Center for Genomic Medicine Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimihiko","family":"Murase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takahisa","family":"Kawaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Genomic Medicine Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuya","family":"Setoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Public Health Shizuoka Graduate University of Public Health  Shizuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoko","family":"Wakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Health Science Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toyohiro","family":"Hirai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuo","family":"Chin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Genomic Medicine Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine  Kyoto Japan"},{"name":"Department of Sleep Medicine and Respiratory Care, Division of Sleep Medicine Nihon University of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fumihiko","family":"Matsuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Genomic Medicine Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glx245"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.12155"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2016.09.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-019-0508-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.103961"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afy169"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2019.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc2016563"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2021.106441"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2023.107421"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.118.3.656"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00042410"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11185264"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-020-01565-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5535\/arm.23081"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.14491"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.10.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2011.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2008.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2114\/jpa.23.93"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","first-page":"280","article-title":"Grip Strength: Effects of Testing Posture and Elbow Position","volume":"72","author":"Balogun J. 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