{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T16:17:02Z","timestamp":1788452222998,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,2]],"date-time":"2025-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n In adipose tissue\u2013muscle crosstalk mechanisms, the interaction of adipokines and myokines is known to be critical for maintaining the body's metabolic balance in age\u2010related metabolic disorders. The aim of the study investigate the effects of 12\u2009weeks of aerobic and resistance exercise training on spexin and follistatin and their relationship with each other.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n This study was a multicentre, randomized controlled study conducted at two assisted living facilities with participants aged \u2265\u200965. Among the 66 subjects, 33 were allocated to the exercise group (E) and 33 to the control group (C). The exercise group was administered 50\u2009min of exercise by expert physiotherapists 1\u2009day a week for 12\u2009weeks. Participants in the intervention groups performed exercise assignments two extra days a week, tailored to their specific circumstances and supervised by the institution's physiotherapists. Spexin, follistatin and measurements of metabolic syndrome parameters were performed at the beginning and after 12\u2009weeks.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The mean age of the 62 participants who completed the study (E\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200931, C\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200931) was 73.25\u2009\u00b1\u20096.44\u2009years, and 62.9% were female. While spexin (E\u2009=\u20091090.94\u2009\u00b1\u2009533.66, C\u2009=\u20091142.91\u2009\u00b1\u2009550.68\u2009pg\/mL,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009>\u20090.05) and follistatin (E\u2009=\u200950.52\u2009\u00b1\u200924.35, C\u2009=\u200950.00\u2009\u00b1\u200923.52\u2009ng\/mL,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009>\u20090.05) values were similar in the two groups at baseline, the values of spexin (E\u2009=\u20091311.32\u2009\u00b1\u2009513.66, C\u2009=\u20091033.27\u2009\u00b1\u2009486.48,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.0001;\n \u03b7<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n \u2009=\u20090.387) and follistatin (E\u2009=\u200964.79\u2009\u00b1\u200932.35, C\u2009=\u200948.16\u2009\u00b1\u200926.27,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.0001;\n \u03b7<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n \u2009=\u20090.267) in the exercise group were higher than in the control group at week 12. At the 12th week, neck circumference (38.32\u2009\u00b1\u20093.41, 37.16\u2009\u00b1\u20093.15,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.002), waist circumference (102.64\u2009\u00b1\u200913.38, 98.54\u2009\u00b1\u200914.47,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.0001), hip circumference (105.70\u2009\u00b1\u200915.43, 102.93\u2009\u00b1\u200913.48,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.0001), body fat mass (22.69\u2009\u00b1\u20097.39, 20.45\u2009\u00b1\u20096.22,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.0001) and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (137.19\u2009\u00b1\u200913.80, 124.9\u2009\u00b1\u200915.18,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.0001, 77.38\u2009\u00b1\u200912.10, 72.61\u2009\u00b1\u20099.26,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.043) decreased, and body muscle mass (46.32\u2009\u00b1\u20098.43, 49.03\u2009\u00b1\u20098.58,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.0001) increased in the exercise group compared to baseline. A correlation was observed between the change in follistatin level and the change in spexin level (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.438,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.001). A negative correlation was found between the amount of decrease in body fat mass and the decrease in spexin level (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009\u22120.380,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.005). A positive correlation was found between the increase in body muscle mass and the increase in spexin and follistatin (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.431,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.001;\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.490,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.0001, respectively).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n It was found that spexin, which provides metabolic homeostasis, and follistatin, which expresses the increase in muscle mass, increased with the implementation of a 12\u2010week aerobic and resistance exercise program in elderly individuals, and these increases were found to be associated with each other.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05251597<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13692","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]],"date-time":"2025-02-03T02:18:03Z","timestamp":1738549083000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The Effect of Exercise on Spexin and Follistatin in Elderly Individuals"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2404-8784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elif\u00a0Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m","family":"Ayaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Clinic, Sultan 2. Abd\u00fclhamid Han Training and Research Hospital University of Health Sciences \u00dcsk\u00fcdar \u0130stanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berna","family":"Dincer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Nursing Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medeniyet University Kartal \u0130stanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00fclser","family":"Cinbaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Nursing Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medeniyet University Kartal \u0130stanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esra","family":"Karacan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiothetapy and Rehabilitation, Health Science Faculty Yeditepe University Ata\u015fehir \u0130stanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reyhan\u00a0Kaygusuz","family":"Benli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiothetapy and Rehabilitation, Health Science Faculty Demiroglu Science University \u015ei\u015fli \u0130stanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emel","family":"Mete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Nursing Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medeniyet University Kartal \u0130stanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hilal","family":"Bilgi\u00e7","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u0130nternal Medicine Clinic Bagc\u0131lar Education and Research Hospital Ba\u011fc\u0131lar \u0130stanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Banu","family":"Mesci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Clinic G\u00f6ztepe Prof. Dr. S\u00fcleyman Yal\u00e7\u0131n City Hospital, Istanbul Medeniyet University Kad\u0131k\u00f6y \u0130stanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.2006.04453.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-022-00641-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1389203723666220629163524"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15353702211072443"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000496459"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108634"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2022.113958"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2010-0868"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2004.01.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2015.29"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-1681"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2022.101829"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10998004211050596"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-019-04180-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-1825"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/06.08.PMS.111.4.278-284"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.1815"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/mss.0b013e3180616aa2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","volume-title":"Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning","author":"Baechle T. 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