{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T03:27:18Z","timestamp":1787369238501,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]],"date-time":"2025-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100002160","name":"Jain Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100002160","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Dysferlin plays a key role in cell membrane repair; its absence or malfunction in patients with dysferlin\u2010deficient limb girdle muscular dystrophy leads to muscle fibre death. Muscle magnetic resonance (MR) imaging allows non\u2010invasive and repeatable measurements that can report on pathological changes observed in dysferlinopathy patients (DP). We aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of utilising volume\u2010localised\n 23<\/jats:sup>\n Na spectroscopy as a novel approach to characterise muscle Na\n +<\/jats:sup>\n content and biexponential T\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n * at rest, and dynamically post\u2010exercise, in patients with dysferlinopathy and in matched healthy controls.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Adult DP and age and sex matched healthy volunteers (HV) were recruited and scanned on a 3\u2009T clinical MR scanner. Following baseline scans, participants performed physiotherapist\u2010guided isometric dorsiflexion contractions until\n tibialis anterior<\/jats:italic>\n (TA) muscle exhaustion. Dynamic volume\u2010localised sodium\u201023 (\n 23<\/jats:sup>\n Na)\u2010 and proton (\n 1<\/jats:sup>\n H)\u2010MR scans were acquired serially for 35\u2009min post\u2010exercise. MR data were analysed to determine TA lipid content, change in TA sodium content, biexponential sodium T\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n * properties and TA water\n 1<\/jats:sup>\n H T\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Ten DP (mean age \u00b1 standard deviation [SD]: 38.0\u2009\u00b1\u200910.8\u2009years; 80% female) and 10\u2009HV (mean age \u00b1 SD: 38.9\u2009\u00b1\u200911.5\u2009years) were scanned. Baseline muscle water\n 1<\/jats:sup>\n H T\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n and sodium concentration were significantly higher in DP compared to matched controls (\n 1<\/jats:sup>\n H T\n 2 DP<\/jats:sub>\n [SD]\u2009=\u200933.8 [2.7] ms,\n 1<\/jats:sup>\n H T\n 2 HV<\/jats:sub>\n \u2009=\u200929.3 [1.1] ms,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001; [\n 23<\/jats:sup>\n Na]\n DP<\/jats:sub>\n \u2009=\u200936.2 [11.4] mM, [\n 23<\/jats:sup>\n Na]\n HV<\/jats:sub>\n \u2009=\u200919.6 [3.1] mM,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001).\n 1<\/jats:sup>\n H T\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n and sodium content in healthy controls showed significant post\u2010exercise elevation with a slower time\u2010to\u2010peak for sodium content compared to\n 1<\/jats:sup>\n H T\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n .\n 1<\/jats:sup>\n H T\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n and sodium content change post\u2010exercise was highly variable in the DP group. Notably,\n 23<\/jats:sup>\n Na dynamics in one DP with normal muscle fat fraction were similar to HV. Biexponential\n 23<\/jats:sup>\n Na T\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n * was measured at baseline in HV (T\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n *\n slow<\/jats:sub>\n \u2009=\u200913.4 [2.3] ms, T\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n *\n fast<\/jats:sub>\n \u2009=\u20092.2 [1.3] ms), and DP (T\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n *\n slow<\/jats:sub>\n \u2009=\u200914.0 [1.5] ms and T\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n *\n fast<\/jats:sub>\n \u2009=\u20091.0 [0.5] m). Equivalent measurements post\u2010exercise revealed an increase in the fraction of the slow\u2010relaxing component in HV (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05), consistent with oedematous changes.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Assessment of TA muscle fat fraction,\n 1<\/jats:sup>\n H T\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n , sodium content and sodium T\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n * relaxation properties revealed differences at baseline and in post\u2010exercise dynamics between patients with dysferlinopathy and matched controls. Post\u2010exercise\n 23<\/jats:sup>\n Na recovery dynamics followed a well\u2010defined time course in HV. Heterogeneous alterations in sodium content and MR relaxation properties in DP may reflect altered ion homeostasis associated with chronic muscle damage.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13709","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]],"date-time":"2025-02-03T18:58:46Z","timestamp":1738609126000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Rapid Quantitative Assessment of Muscle Sodium Dynamics After Exercise Using\n 23<\/sup>\n Na\u2010MRI in Dysferlinopathy and Healthy Controls"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5634-7586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary\u00a0A.","family":"Neal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational and Clinical Research Institute Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK"},{"name":"Newcastle Magnetic Resonance Centre, Health Innovation Neighbourhood Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla\u00a0F.","family":"Bolano\u2010Diaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Newcastle upon Tyne UK"},{"name":"Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Richardson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Newcastle upon Tyne UK"},{"name":"Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jassi","family":"Michell\u2010Sodhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Newcastle upon Tyne UK"},{"name":"Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Muni\u2010Lofra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Newcastle upon Tyne UK"},{"name":"Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meredith\u00a0K.","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Newcastle upon Tyne 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and Clinical Research Institute Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK"},{"name":"Newcastle Magnetic Resonance Centre, Health Innovation Neighbourhood Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew\u00a0M.","family":"Blamire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational and Clinical Research Institute Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK"},{"name":"Newcastle Magnetic Resonance Centre, Health Innovation Neighbourhood Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Volker","family":"Straub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Newcastle upon Tyne UK"},{"name":"Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Newcastle upon Tyne 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Carlos III Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2021.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","volume-title":"Dysferlinopathy","author":"Aoki 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