{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T08:24:47Z","timestamp":1792571087219,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740441600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740441600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While decreased protein intake is associated with muscle mass loss, it is unclear whether a decrease in carbohydrate intake adversely affects muscle atrophy independently of protein intake. Herein, we examined whether a low\u2010carbohydrate (low\u2010CHO) diet exacerbates denervation\u2010induced muscle atrophy under conditions of identical protein intake.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      On day one of the experiment, male Wistar rats underwent unilateral denervation. The contralateral leg was used as the control. After denervation, rats were divided into two dietary groups: high\u2010carbohydrate (high\u2010CHO) and low\u2010CHO. Each group was fed a high\u2010CHO (70% carbohydrate) or low\u2010CHO (20% carbohydrate) diet over 7\u2009days. Total protein and energy intakes in both groups were matched by pair feeding. Rats were provided with deuterium oxide (D\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      O) tracer over the last 3\u2009days of dietary intervention to quantify myofibrillar (muscle) protein synthesis (MPS).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Denervation reduced wet weight of the gastrocnemius muscle compared to the contralateral control (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Reductions in gastrocnemius muscle weight were greater in the low\u2010CHO group (\u221234%) than the high\u2010CHO group (\u221228%) (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Although denervation decreased MPS compared to the contralateral control (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), no dietary effect on MPS was observed. Denervation resulted in increased mRNA and protein expression of Atrogin\u20101, a ubiquitin E3 ligase, compared to that in the contralateral control (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Increases in Atrogin\u20101 gene and protein expression due to denervation were greater in the low\u2010CHO group than in the high\u2010CHO group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conclude that a low\u2010CHO diet may exacerbate denervation\u2010induced atrophy in fast\u2010twitch\u2010dominant muscles compared to a high\u2010CHO diet, even when the same protein intake is maintained. Although blunted MPS contributed to muscle atrophy due to denervation, exacerbation of muscle atrophy by the low\u2010CHO diet was not accompanied by explanatory changes in MPS. The effect of the low\u2010CHO diet might be related to promotion of muscle\u2010specific ubiquitin E3 ligase gene expression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13738","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T11:12:16Z","timestamp":1741691536000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Low\u2010Carbohydrate Diet Exacerbates Denervation\u2010Induced Atrophy of Rat Skeletal Muscle Under the Condition of Identical Protein Intake"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Aki","family":"Yokogawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences Fukuoka University  Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kohei","family":"Kido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences Fukuoka University  Fukuoka Japan"},{"name":"Institute for Physical Activity Fukuoka University  Fukuoka Japan"},{"name":"Health and Medical Research Institute National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)  Takamatsu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ikuru","family":"Miura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences Fukuoka University  Fukuoka Japan"},{"name":"Institute for Physical Activity Fukuoka University  Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eisuke","family":"Oyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences Fukuoka University  Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Takakura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences Fukuoka University  Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keigo","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences Fukuoka University  Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel\u00a0J.","family":"Wilkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC\u2010Versus Arthritis Center for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Centre of Metabolism, Ageing &amp; Physiology (COMAP), Royal Derby Hospital Center University of Nottingham  Derby UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC\u2010Versus Arthritis Center for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Centre of Metabolism, Ageing &amp; Physiology (COMAP), Royal Derby Hospital Center University of Nottingham  Derby UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip\u00a0J.","family":"Atherton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC\u2010Versus Arthritis Center for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Centre of Metabolism, Ageing &amp; Physiology (COMAP), Royal Derby Hospital Center University of Nottingham  Derby UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7417-6402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kentaro","family":"Kawanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences Fukuoka University  Fukuoka Japan"},{"name":"Institute for Physical Activity Fukuoka University  Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/84.3.475"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP270561"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"401","article-title":"Muscle Atrophy in Rats Following Denervation, Casting, Inflammation, and Tenotomy","volume":"60","author":"Herbison G. J.","year":"1979","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.22871"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.2004809"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2672"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(04)00400-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/87.1.150"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-020-0250-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aau2753"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2019.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb43020042"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13322"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-56166-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00650.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP272857"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP280652"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202002164R"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00487.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(74)90248-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/21.1.51"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/314164a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00292.2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00425.2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/mend.14.6.0446"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms7670"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.1982.242.3.E184"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db09-1870"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M705325200"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.70057"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.23399"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19113344"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.2000.279.6.E1311"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00693.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1997.82.1.219"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12986-015-0037-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1976.231.2.441"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jcsm.13738","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jcsm.13738","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jcsm.13738","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T04:13:06Z","timestamp":1771215186000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jcsm.13738"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jcsm.13738"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcsm.13738","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2190-5991","2190-6009"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2190-5991","type":"print"},{"value":"2190-6009","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-03-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-22","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e13738"}}