{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T05:19:14Z","timestamp":1787980754196,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740009600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CT\u2010based body composition analysis (BCA) enables the extraction of biomarkers from routine CT data. The influence of body composition on the prognosis of different patient groups has been highlighted in recent years. Typically, the segmentation of muscle and fat compartments is performed with a thresholding\u2010based subsegmentation, which might be influenced by the image noise as a function of radiation dose. This study was performed to investigate the impact of the radiation dose on a fully automated, volumetric CT\u2010based BCA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this animal study, 20 G\u00f6ttingen minipigs were subjected to CT scans on six occasions under five different dose settings with gradations compared to the control given in % from volumetric CT dose index (CTDIvol) of the control (5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, control [10.01\u2009mGy]). A database with full dose (FD) and quarter dose (QD) CT scans from The Cancer Imaging Archive served as a human validation cohort. A previously open\u2010source published and validated BCA network was applied to each scan. The following features were extracted as volumes (mL): bone, muscle, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), intermuscular and intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT), visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and total adipose tissue (TAT). Statistical significance was assessed by a one\u2010way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparisons or Kruskal\u2013Wallis with Dunn's post\u2010hoc tests. The correlation between feature volumes in the dose gradations and the control group was analysed using the Spearman or Pearson method.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      All BCA features remained consistent up to the 10% group and showed no significant differences compared with the control. In the lowest dose group (5%), there were significant differences concerning the muscle (5%\u2009=\u20091295\u2009mL [211\u2009mL], control\u2009=\u20091338\u2009mL [248\u2009mL];\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.032) and VAT volumetry (5%\u2009=\u2009353\u2009mL [208\u2009mL], control\u2009=\u2009312\u2009mL [204\u2009mL];\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.026) with median differences of \u22123.13% (muscle) and 12.3% (VAT), respectively. Significant and strong positive correlations were observed between all low\u2010dose groups and the control (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.977,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The human validation analysis yielded constant volumes for every BCA feature with a strong positive correlation (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.933, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fully automated BCA maintains consistent results in various low\u2010dose settings. Significant deviations are only observed after more than 90% dose reduction in the lowest dose settings (5%), which are currently not used in the clinical routine. This large\u2010animal study demonstrates the consistency of fully automated BCA in different dose settings and may therefore facilitate its integration into the clinical routine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13741","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T01:36:33Z","timestamp":1740101793000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The Impact of Radiation Dose on CT\u2010Based Body Composition Analysis: A Large\u2010Animal Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5376-3154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Salh\u00f6fer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Interventional and Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology University Hospital Essen  Essen Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine University Hospital Essen  Essen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregor","family":"Jost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MR and CT Contrast Media Research Bayer AG  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathias","family":"Meetschen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Interventional and Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology University Hospital Essen  Essen Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine University Hospital Essen  Essen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"van Landeghem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Interventional and Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology University Hospital Essen  Essen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Forsting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Interventional and Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology University Hospital Essen  Essen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise","family":"Bos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Interventional and Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology University Hospital Essen  Essen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Bojahr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine University Hospital Essen  Essen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rene","family":"Hosch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Interventional and Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology University Hospital Essen  Essen Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine University Hospital Essen  Essen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Nensa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Interventional and Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology University Hospital Essen  Essen Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine University Hospital Essen  Essen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hubertus","family":"Pietsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MR and CT Contrast Media Research Bayer AG  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Haubold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Interventional and Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology University Hospital Essen  Essen Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine University Hospital Essen  Essen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-020-07147-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/ryai.230024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-32478-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0000000000001040"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2019.0695"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10051079"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2023.107098"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-58628-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13158"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2021210576"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.22.27977"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-20419-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.226025128"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-71878-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k4931"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0152961"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","unstructured":"McCollough C. Chen B. HolmesIII D. R. et\u00a0al. 2020Low Dose CT Image and Projection Data (LDCT\u2010and\u2010Projection\u2010Data) (Version 6) [Data Set]. The Cancer Imaging Archive."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10278-013-9622-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-32245-8_11"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1076-6332(03)00671-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13050968"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2023.1176425"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.222008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13437"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","unstructured":"American College of Radiology ACR\u2013AAPM\u2013SPR Practice Parameter for Diagnostic Reference Levels and Achievable Doses in Medical X\u2010Ray Imaging \u201d (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2017161911"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","unstructured":"Bundesamt f\u00fcr Strahlenschutz.Diagnostische Referenzwerte. In: Bundesamt f\u00fcr Strahlenschutz accessed 3 May 2024 https:\/\/www.bfs.de\/DE\/themen\/ion\/anwendung\u2010medizin\/diagnostik\/referenzwerte\/referenzwerte_node.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0000000000001012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0000000000001104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(20)30025-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2021.0775"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1911793"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1102873"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.222937"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.09.3268"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","unstructured":"AAPM's Working Group on Standardization of CT Nomenclature. \u201cLung Cancer Screening CT Protocols Version 6.0 09 November 2023 \u201d (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0112355"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2017.12.016"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jcsm.13741","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jcsm.13741","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jcsm.13741","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T07:33:03Z","timestamp":1775979183000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jcsm.13741"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jcsm.13741"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcsm.13741","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2190-5991","2190-6009"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2190-5991","type":"print"},{"value":"2190-6009","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-07-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-22","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e13741"}}