{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T05:03:18Z","timestamp":1771218198442,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741046400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741046400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Endothelial damage induces myofibrillar breakdown and muscle degradation in COVID\u201019 infection. There is a relationship between increased endothelin\u20101 synthesis and sarcopenia. We evaluated the preventive effect of early bosentan therapy as an endothelin receptor blocker in sarcopenia in high\u2010risk outpatients with COVID\u201019 infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From 15 December 2021 to 15 August 2023, patients within 3\u2009days of the onset of signs and symptoms were randomly assigned to receive bosentan, 62.5\u2009mg, or placebo, twice daily from enrollment for 30\u2009days. The primary outcome was disease progression (death or hospitalization within 15\u2009days after randomization), and the data for this outcome have been previously published. Sarcopenia as a secondary outcome was assessed prospectively at 3, 6, 9 and 12\u2009months after randomization using the criteria of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 (IRCT.ir, IRCT20211203053263N1).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 313 patients (156 bosentan group, 157 controls) were included in the analyses, which were performed under the intent\u2010to\u2010treat principle. Overall, the incidence of sarcopenia was 8.6% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200927). Nineteen (73%) had severe sarcopenia. At the 3\u2010month follow\u2010up, the incidence of sarcopenia was 8.3% in the total population, with the significant risk difference (RD) of \u221210.17% in the bosentan group versus the control group. The incidence in the total population and RD in the bosentan group versus the control group at months 6, 9 and 12 were 8.6% (RD: \u221210.81%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), 8.3% (RD: \u221210.17%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001) and 5.4% (RD: \u22126.99%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.003), respectively. During the study, 29 people developed severe COVID\u201019 and were hospitalized. At follow\u2010up, sarcopenia occurred in four inpatients and 23 outpatients (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.23). Mortality occurred in 5.1% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200916) of the total population, including 4 (1.3%) of the patients in the bosentan group and 12 (3.8%) of the patients in the placebo group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.069). None of the patients who died had sarcopenia. Bosentan did not cause any severe adverse events and was well tolerated.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Early administration of bosentan may prevent sarcopenia in high\u2010risk outpatients with COVID\u201019.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13753","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T00:37:17Z","timestamp":1741739837000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Early Administration of Bosentan in High\u2010Risk COVID\u201019 Outpatients at Risk of Sarcopenia: A Randomized, Double\u2010Blind, Placebo\u2010Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Shaahin","family":"Shahbazi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ilam University of Medical Sciences  Ilam Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erfan","family":"Shahbazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Farid","family":"Zayeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Vahdat\u00a0Shariatpanahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-42726-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1144090"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.103450"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-0331-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-021-01942-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.5b01781"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2012.4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102117"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","unstructured":"\u201cFrequently Asked Questions about COVID\u201019 Vaccination \u201d CDC. National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD) Division of Viral Diseases. Last Updated May 15 (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2019.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12112"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2022.2076901"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-022-02014-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14040912"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12931"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12340"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.06.1342"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afaa237"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.204034"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.12338"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14728222.2010.523421"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2023.0743"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2023.5099"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473\u20103099(23)00299\u20102"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jcsm.13753","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jcsm.13753","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jcsm.13753","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T04:14:16Z","timestamp":1771215256000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jcsm.13753"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jcsm.13753"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcsm.13753","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2190-5991","2190-6009"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2190-5991","type":"print"},{"value":"2190-6009","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-08-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-28","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e13753"}}