{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T12:05:53Z","timestamp":1789646753630,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749427200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sarcopenia is a complex and multifactorial condition, and recent studies have explored the role of neurological markers in its diagnosis and prediction. Although associations have been identified between reduced muscle strength, slow walking speed and elevated neurofilament levels (NfL), long\u2010term evidence and sex\u2010based differences in muscle health and sarcopenia remain underexplored. This study investigates the relationship between baseline blood biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and long\u2010term sarcopenia trajectories in a Swedish cohort of older adults, while also examining potential sex\u2010based differences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study analysed 2291 participants aged \u2265\u200960\u2009years (61.5% females) over a 12\u2010year follow\u2010up, classifying sarcopenia into three stages (no, probable and confirmed sarcopenia) using modified EWGSOP2 criteria. Muscle strength was assessed via handgrip or chair stand tests and muscle mass via calf circumference. Baseline data on AD biomarkers were collected. Latent class mixed models identified two sarcopenia trajectories: one with early progression accelerating around age 70\u2009years and another with later progression accelerating after age 80\u2009years, observed in both sexes. Regression analyses examined the associations between AD biomarkers, sarcopenia progression speed and incidence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Probable and confirmed sarcopenia were more prevalent in females (28.2% vs. 14.1% and 7.6% vs. 6.1%, respectively;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). All AD biomarkers showed significantly different distributions across the three sarcopenia stages. Analysis revealed that only p\u2010tau181 (OR 1.24 [1.09; 1.42],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002) and NfL (OR 1.56 [1.30; 1.91],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) were independently associated with worse sarcopenia trajectories. These associations remained significant in individuals over 78\u2009years (p\u2010tau181: OR 1.32 [1.11; 1.59],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.003; NfL: OR 1.77 [1.40; 2.28],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and in males (p\u2010tau181: OR 1.39 [1.14; 1.73],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.003; NfL: OR 1.38 [1.11; 1.82],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). In females, only NfL remained significantly associated. NfL was significantly linked to sarcopenia development (HR 1.20 [1.10; 1.30],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), with similar findings for females (HR 1.40 [1.20; 1.63],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and older individuals (HR 1.35 [1.15; 1.58],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Notably, both NfL and p\u2010tau181 were significantly associated with sarcopenia incidence in younger participants (&lt;\u200978\u2009years) and in males, independent of dietary patterns.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study, unique for its long follow\u2010up duration, explores the relationship between sarcopenia and neurodegeneration biomarkers, highlighting the role of p\u2010tau181 and NfL in the progression of the condition. These biomarkers could potentially serve as indicators for the early detection of sarcopenia, particularly in older adults and males, offering insights that may contribute to personalized screening and targeted interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13835","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T00:51:02Z","timestamp":1749516662000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Association of Alzheimer's Disease Blood Biomarkers With Sarcopenia Incidence and Progression: A 12\u2010Year Population\u2010Based Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Chiara","family":"Ceolin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Aging Research Center  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine (DIMED) University of Padua  Padua Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caterina","family":"Gregorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Aging Research Center  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice\u00a0Margherita","family":"Ornago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Aging Research Center  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"School of Medicine and Surgery University of Milano\u2010Bicocca  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Grande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Aging Research Center  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Stockholm Gerontology Research Center  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Valletta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Aging Research Center  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caterina","family":"Trevisan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Aging Research Center  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine (DIMED) University of Padua  Padua Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences University of Ferrara  Ferrara Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adri\u00e1n\u00a0Carballo","family":"Casla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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