{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T04:55:01Z","timestamp":1769835301729,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750032000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32102561"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32102561"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32472957"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32472957"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32302691"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32302691"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2662023DKPY002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2662023DKPY002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Glucocorticoids are commonly used in clinical treatments but can cause muscle growth inhibition and weakness at high doses. The mechanisms and treatments for glucocorticoid\u2010induced muscle growth inhibition remain poorly understood. This study aims to investigate the anti\u2010atrophic effects of <jats:italic>Polygonati Rhizoma<\/jats:italic> (PR) and a mixture of low\u2010dose fructose and glucose (MFG, an active component mimic in PR) on skeletal muscle.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Male C57BL\/6 mice (3\u2010week\u2010old, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20098) were gavaged with aqueous extract of PR (AEPR). MFG was used to gavage normal male C57BL\/6 mice (3\u2010week\u2010old, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200910) and male C57BL\/6 mice with dexamethasone (DEX)\u2010induced muscle growth inhibition (3\u2010week\u2010old, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20097). After 2\u2009weeks of gavage, the body weight and muscle mass of the mice were measured. Intestinal content was collected, the concentration of deoxycholic acid (DCA) was analysed and gut microbiota changes were assessed through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Muscle angiogenesis was examined through the expression of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs), focusing on the DCA\u2010activated TGR5\/cAMP\/PKA\/pCREB pathway.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>AEPR significantly increased the body weight (22.90\u2009\u00b1\u20090.90 vs. 21.83\u2009\u00b1\u20090.87\u2009g, *<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and grip strength (1.32\u2009\u00b1\u20090.11 vs. 1.04\u2009\u00b1\u20090.12\u2009N, ***<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) of mice. MFG (0.5\u2009g\/kg body weight) also significantly elevated the body weight (21.44\u2009\u00b1\u20090.71 vs. 20.14\u2009\u00b1\u20090.82\u2009g, **<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) and muscle mass (0.37\u2009\u00b1\u20090.018 vs. 0.33\u2009\u00b1\u20090.035\u2009g, **<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) of mice. In the DEX group, MFG restored the DCA level (log<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>[intensity]) in intestinal content (25.41\u2009\u00b1\u20091.64 vs. 22.69\u2009\u00b1\u20090.74, *<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and increased the abundance of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Collinsella aerofaciens<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> as measured by DNA concentration (0.80\u2009\u00b1\u20090.64 vs. 0.24\u2009\u00b1\u20090.09\u2009pg\/\u03bcL, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.096). Mechanistically, MFG upregulated VEGFs expression and promoted muscle angiogenesis via the TGR5\/cAMP\/PKA\/pCREB pathway.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study demonstrates that AEPR and its active component mimic MFG can promote muscle growth and MFG mitigates muscle growth inhibition by modulating gut microbiota and enhancing muscle angiogenesis. These findings suggest that fructose\u2010containing treatments are novel strategies to address skeletal muscle dysfunction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13853","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T06:23:43Z","timestamp":1750832623000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["<i>Polygonati Rhizoma<\/i> Prevents Glucocorticoid\u2010Induced Growth Inhibition of Muscle via Promoting Muscle Angiogenesis Through Deoxycholic Acid"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Shiyi","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences  Changsha China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanxu","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiahao","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaoshuai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fangyan","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gaifeng","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences  Changsha China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zuhong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaobo","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Henan University of Chinese Medicine  Zhengzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Zuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhihao","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cambridge\u2010Suda Genomic Resource Center, Suzhou Medical College Soochow University  Suzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhinan","family":"Mei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Plant Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0969-3689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tongxing","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.02.00283202"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118264"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1997.272.3.C1007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105807"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"455","article-title":"The Relationship Between Capillarisation and Fibre Types During Compensatory Hypertrophy of the Plantaris Muscle in the Rat","volume":"180","author":"Degens H.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Anatomy"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10456-020-09705-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glw017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.14.16.1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197111182852108"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"59","article-title":"Methanol Extract of Polygonati Rhizoma Enhances the Tube Formation of Rat Lymphatic Endothelial Cells","volume":"27","author":"Prangsaengtong O.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Traditional Medicines"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115612"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.891775"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09637486.2020.1862068"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03827-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.12.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz312"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","article-title":"The Mouse Forced Swim Test","volume":"59","author":"Can A.","year":"2012","journal-title":"JoVE (Journal of Visualized Experiments)"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.106330"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0509-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2023.105658"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2024.106262"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/79.4.537"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14245200"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1016-8478(23)07385-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370215584939"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2008.25825B"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2010.41"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9547613"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21124479"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.922051"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-385940-2.00005-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/JES.0000000000000152"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00043.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.ctdb.2017.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2018.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00023.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00522.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M209706200"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(02)02550-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04330"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3072"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA118.002733"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.29839"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.70053","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757462400000}}],"container-title":["Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jcsm.13853","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]],"date-time":"2025-08-11T12:22:51Z","timestamp":1754914971000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jcsm.13853"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jcsm.13853"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcsm.13853","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2190-5991","2190-6009"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2190-5991","type":"print"},{"value":"2190-6009","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-09-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-04","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e13853"}}