{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T02:01:56Z","timestamp":1789610516388,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756339200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82471842"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82471842"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82471840"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82471840"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004735","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021JJ31083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021JJ31083"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004735","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004735","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022JJ30993"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022JJ30993"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004735","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) exhibit diverse cellular microenvironments in muscle tissues, yet the full spectrum of cell populations and changes remains unclear. This study aimed to characterize cellular heterogeneity, explore cell\u2013cell interactions and assess the prognostic value of cell subtype abundances across IIM subtypes in Han Chinese.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Muscle samples from six IIMs and three normal controls (NC) underwent single\u2010cell RNA sequencing (scRNA\u2010seq), whereas bulk RNA sequencing was performed on 203 IIMs and 19 NC. To avoid potential biases in cell proportion data from scRNA\u2010seq, we used CIBERSORTx, a robust deconvolution method, to estimate cell subtype abundances in the large IIMs cohort. Cell\u2013cell interaction, correlation and survival analysis were performed to investigate associations between cell subtypes, clinical features and disease progression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We identified 10\u2009T\/NK cell types, eight monocyte\/macrophage\/dendritic cell types, 10 vascular\u2010related cell types and four skeletal muscle cell types in IIM muscle tissues, with varying abundances across subgroups. Increased ISG\n                      <jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup>\n                      T cells (1.42% vs. 0.075% in NC) and ISG\n                      <jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup>\n                      monocytes (4.24% vs. 0% in NC) in dermatomyositis (DM), particularly in anti\u2010MDA5 and anti\u2010NXP2 patients, correlated with skin rashes and higher relapse rates. CD56\n                      <jats:sup>dim<\/jats:sup>\n                      CD16\n                      <jats:sup>dim<\/jats:sup>\n                      NK cells, exhibiting the highest cytotoxicity, were elevated most in anti\u2010SRP (11.93% vs. 8.15% in NC) immune\u2010mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM) and associated with severe muscle damage (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0001, rho\u2009=\u20090.267). Reduced angiogenesis\u2010related SERPINB2\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      monocytes (37.12% vs. 46.69% in NC) predicted better outcomes in IMNM (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.006, HR\u2009=\u20090.264), whereas decreased HIF3A\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      CECs (14.29% in DM vs. 16.95% in NC), essential for endothelial barrier maintenance, negatively correlated with myofiber necrosis (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.016, rho\u2009=\u2009\u22120.168) and were predictive of improved outcomes in DM (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.014, HR\u2009=\u20090.412). Elevated endothelial\u2010like pericytes in antisynthetase syndrome (ASS, 55.34% vs. 50.02% in NC) and IMNM (54.42%) were linked to muscle damage (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001, rho\u2009=\u20090.272). Certain key pathways, such as angiogenesis\u2010related pathways, were linked to better outcomes in DM (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002, HR\u2009=\u20090.405), whereas increased cytotoxicity scores, cell chemotaxis and regulation of inflammatory response were associated with a higher risk of relapse in both DM and IMNM. We also observed a reduction in Type I muscle fibres (22.66% in ASS vs. 66.68% in NC) that express MIF and MHC class I molecules and show extensive interactions with inflammatory cells via MIF\u2010CD74 ligand\u2013receptor signalling.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings reveal significant shifts in cell subpopulations within IIM muscle tissues, which may contribute to muscle damage and influence disease outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.70043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T08:23:15Z","timestamp":1756369395000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Characterization of Muscle Tissue Cell Diversity and Clinical Implications in Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8724-2835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Honglin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University  Changsha Hunan China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital Central South University  Changsha Hunan China"},{"name":"Provincial Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases Xiangya Hospital  Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yizhi","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University  Changsha Hunan China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital Central South University  Changsha Hunan China"},{"name":"Provincial Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases Xiangya Hospital  Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shasha","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University  Changsha Hunan China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital Central South University  Changsha Hunan China"},{"name":"Provincial Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases Xiangya Hospital  Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiming","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University  Changsha Hunan China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital Central South University  Changsha Hunan China"},{"name":"Provincial Clinical Research 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Research Center for Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases Xiangya Hospital  Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Di","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University  Changsha Hunan China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital Central South University  Changsha Hunan China"},{"name":"Provincial Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases Xiangya Hospital  Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sijia","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University  Changsha Hunan China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital Central South University  Changsha Hunan China"},{"name":"Provincial Clinical 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China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University  Changsha Hunan China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital Central South University  Changsha Hunan China"},{"name":"Provincial Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases Xiangya Hospital  Changsha Hunan 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of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jcsm.70043","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,23]],"date-time":"2025-11-23T19:59:37Z","timestamp":1763927977000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jcsm.70043"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jcsm.70043"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcsm.70043","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2190-5991","2190-6009"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2190-5991","type":"print"},{"value":"2190-6009","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-01-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication 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