{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T16:13:07Z","timestamp":1789056787782,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760400000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Skeletal muscle mass is regulated by secretory factors derived from myofibers and muscle\u2010resident cells. Identifying these factors and understanding their mechanisms is critical for combating muscle wasting disorders. This experimental study investigates the role of CXCL14, a chemokine primarily secreted by fibro\u2010adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) residing in muscle, in regulating muscle mass.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study was conducted at the Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi\u2010bio Science (SIMS), South Korea, between August 2020 and June 2025. Mouse C2C12 myotubes and primary human myotubes were treated with recombinant CXCL14, with or without co\u2010treatment using\n                      <jats:italic>Rps6kb1<\/jats:italic>\n                      siRNA, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or dexamethasone (DEX). Myotube mass index (MMI) was measured. Expression of AKT\u2010S6 kinase (S6K), FOXO\u2010Atrogin\u20101\/MuRF\u20101 signalling components and myosin heavy chains (MyHCs) was assessed via Western blotting. Eight\u2010week\u2010old male mice were used: ICR mice for electroporation experiments and C57BL\/6N strain for LPS and DEX atrophy models.\n                      <jats:italic>Cxcl14<\/jats:italic>\n                      expression plasmids were electroporated into tibialis anterior (TA) muscles, with or without LPS or DEX treatment. Cross\u2010sectional area (CSA) of myofibers was measured; Western blotting and RNA sequencing were used to analyse molecular responses. Statistical analyses included one\u2010way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test, repeated\u2010measures ANOVA with Dunnett's post hoc test, Kruskal\u2013Wallis test with Dunn's post hoc test and unpaired Student's\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010test, as appropriate.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      CXCL14 induced hypertrophy in C2C12\u2010derived myotubes: (MMI [\u03bcm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ]: 100\u2009ng\/mL CXCL14, 1345\u2009\u00b1\u200950.97 [95% CI: 1237\u20131453], vs. control, 897.9\u2009\u00b1\u200933.33 [95% CI: 829.8\u2013996],\n                      <jats:italic>p\u2009\u2264<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u20090.0001).\n                      <jats:italic>Cxcl14<\/jats:italic>\n                      overexpression in mouse TA muscles significantly increased muscle mass: (CSA [\u03bcm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ]: HA\u2010CXCL14: 1408\u2009\u00b1\u200915.42 [95% CI: 1378\u20131438]; CXCL14\u2010Myc: 1499\u2009\u00b1\u200917.18 [95% CI: 1464\u20131534]; control: 870.1\u2009\u00b1\u200911.25 [95% CI: 848.1\u2013892.2],\n                      <jats:italic>p\u2009\u2264<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u20090.0001). CXCL14 activated the AKT\u2010S6K pathway and inhibited the FOXO\u2010Atrogin\u20101\/MuRF\u20101 pathway in both in\u00a0vitro and in\u00a0vivo models. CXCL14 effectively reversed LPS\u2010 and DEX\u2010induced atrophy in both C2C12 myotubes and TA muscles, as demonstrated by corresponding increases MMI and CSA (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u2264\u20090.0001). CXCL14 also promoted hypertrophy in primary human myotubes in\u00a0vitro (MMI [\u03bcm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ]: 100\u2009ng\/mL CXCL14, 3481\u2009\u00b1\u2009242.6 [95% CI: 2973\u20133989] vs. control, 2549\u2009\u00b1\u2009114.7 [95% CI: 2310\u20132787],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u2264\u20090.001) and significantly reversed atrophy induced by LPS and DEX (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u2264\u20090.01 to\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u2264\u20090.0001), accompanying the activation of protein synthesis and inhibition of protein degradation pathways.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings identify CXCL14 as a novel regulator of skeletal muscle mass and highlight its therapeutic potential in preventing or reversing muscle atrophy associated with ageing and diseases in humans.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.70087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T13:29:04Z","timestamp":1760448544000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["CXCL14 Promotes Skeletal Muscle Mass Growth and Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide\u2010 and Dexamethasone\u2010Induced Muscle Atrophy in Cultured Myotubes and Mouse Models"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Bagus","family":"Sarmito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Graduate School Soonchunhyang University  Cheonan South Korea"},{"name":"Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi\u2010Bio Science Soonchunhyang University  Cheonan South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Younjeong","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Graduate School Soonchunhyang University  Cheonan South Korea"},{"name":"Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi\u2010Bio Science Soonchunhyang University  Cheonan South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nurkyz","family":"Alymkulova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Graduate School Soonchunhyang University  Cheonan South Korea"},{"name":"Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi\u2010Bio Science Soonchunhyang University  Cheonan South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1355-3806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeong\u00a0Kyo","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Graduate School Soonchunhyang University  Cheonan South Korea"},{"name":"Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi\u2010Bio Science Soonchunhyang University  Cheonan South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20123-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.147"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.10-178939"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/boc.201200022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npjregenmed.2016.17"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12565"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"605","article-title":"Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein\u20101: A Proinflammatory Cytokine Elevated in Sarcopenic Obesity","volume":"10","author":"Lim J. 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