{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T17:49:35Z","timestamp":1787161775788,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763510400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005348","name":"Socialdepartementet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005348","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021\u201000178"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\u201000178"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Emerging evidence suggests that air quality may impact muscle health. However, most studies are limited by cross\u2010sectional designs or short follow\u2010ups. We assessed the association of long\u2010term exposure to ambient air pollutants with changes in muscle mass and strength in older adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included 3249 participants from the SNAC\u2010K longitudinal study (mean age 74.3\u2009years; 35.8% males). Muscle strength (measured through handgrip and chair stand tests), muscle mass (derived from calf circumference) and physical performance (assessed through walking speed at a usual pace) were assessed over a 12\u2010year period. Probable sarcopenia was defined as reduced muscle strength as per the EWGSOP2 criteria. Residential exposure to PM2.5, PM10 and nitrogen oxide (NOx) was estimated for the 5\u2009years preceding baseline. Cox regressions and linear mixed models examined the association of air pollutant exposure with, respectively, probable sarcopenia and longitudinal changes in muscle parameters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Over 12\u2009years, the cumulative incidence of probable sarcopenia increased with higher exposure (above vs. below the median values) to NOx (36% vs. 28%), PM2.5 (35% vs. 28%) and PM10 (35% vs. 28%). The association between air pollutant levels and the risk of probable sarcopenia was nonlinear (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>nonlinearity<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002 for NOx, 0.001 for PM2.5 and 0.003 for PM10), with an increased risk showing a plateau at very high levels. Higher exposures were associated with an increased risk of developing probable sarcopenia, by 25% for NOx and PM2.5 (HR 95% CI: 1.07\u20131.47 for both) to 33% (HR 95% CI: 1.14\u20131.56) for PM10. Elevated pollutant exposure was associated with significantly greater annual declines in lower\u2010limb strength (chair stand test: 0.40\u20130.48\u2009s) and walking speed (0.004\u2009m\/s).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Long\u2010term exposure to moderate levels of ambient air pollutants may increase the risk of probable sarcopenia and accelerate declines in lower\u2010limb strength and physical performance in older adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.70111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T04:15:57Z","timestamp":1763612157000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Air Pollution Exposure and Muscle Mass and Strength Decline in Older Adults: Results From a Swedish Population\u2013Based Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9221-6997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caterina","family":"Trevisan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences University of Ferrara  Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caterina","family":"Gregorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna\u2010Karin","family":"Welmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Stockholm Gerontology Research Center  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Women's Health and Allied Health Professionals Theme, Medical Unit Medical Psychology Karolinska University Hospital  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Volpato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences University of Ferrara  Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Eneroth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environment and Health Administration  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Bellander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Institute of Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davide\u00a0Liborio","family":"Vetrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Stockholm Gerontology Research Center  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debora","family":"Rizzuto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afy169"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223\u2010017\u20100277\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization https:\/\/www.who.int\/health\u2010topics\/one\u2010health#tab=tab_1. 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