{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T11:11:30Z","timestamp":1784545890297,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sarcopenia has emerged as a significant predictor of adverse outcomes in cancer. Specifically, this is also true for patients with bladder cancer undergoing radical cystectomy (RC). This retrospective study investigates the roles of the biomarkers interleukin\u20106 (IL\u20106) and growth differentiation factor\u201015 (GDF\u201015), in the context of sarcopenia, assessing their impact on oncological and survival outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Preoperative serum IL\u20106 and GDF\u201015 levels were analysed in 179 patients undergoing RC. Their association with sarcopenia, adverse pathological features and survival outcomes was investigated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Elevated IL\u20106 and GDF\u201015 levels were significantly correlated with the presence of sarcopenia (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.04 and\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.03, respectively). IL\u20106 and GDF\u201015 levels in serum showed a positive correlation (Spearman\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.45, 95%CI 0.32\u20130.56,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Higher IL\u20106 and GDF\u201015 levels were also associated with higher tumour stages (both\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01), positive lymph nodes (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02 and\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01) and unfavourable surgical margins (both\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Patients with both sarcopenia and high IL\u20106 or GDF\u201015 levels exhibited significantly worse overall survival and cancer\u2010specific survival in multivariate Cox regression analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings highlight the interplay between IL\u20106, GDF\u201015, sarcopenia and tumour progression, suggesting that IL\u20106 and GDF\u201015 may serve as valuable prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets. Further research is warranted to explore targeted therapeutic strategies aimed at mitigating sarcopenia and systemic inflammation in this patient population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.70146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T22:28:49Z","timestamp":1765492129000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Interplay of IL\u20106, GDF\u201015 and Sarcopenia in Patients With Bladder Cancer Undergoing Radical Cystectomy and Its Implications on Survival"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Simon\u00a0U.","family":"Engelmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, St. Josef Medical Center University of Regensburg  Regensburg 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Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Rinderknecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, St. Josef Medical Center University of Regensburg  Regensburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter\u00a0J.","family":"Siska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine III University Hospital Regensburg  Regensburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renate","family":"Pichler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck Medical University of Innsbruck  Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Niessen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology St. Josef Medical Center  Regensburg 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