{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T01:42:49Z","timestamp":1787881369795,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL151452"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL151452"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 HL089897"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 HL089897"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 HL089856"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 HL089856"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P300P3_151705"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P300P3_151705"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P300PB_167767"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P300PB_167767"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75N92023D00011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N92023D00011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Low muscle oxidative capacity is an extrapulmonary manifestation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with unclear aetiology. We sought to characterize locomotor muscle oxidative capacity in never smokers and ever smokers with and without COPD and determine clinical and behavioural features associated with low muscle oxidative capacity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Two hundred forty\u2010three adults enrolled in the\n                      <jats:italic>Muscle Health Study<\/jats:italic>\n                      , an observational study ancillary to COPDGene. G\n                      <jats:italic>astrocnemius<\/jats:italic>\n                      oxidative capacity was measured by near\u2010infrared spectroscopy from the muscle oxygen consumption recovery rate constant (\n                      <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\n                      ). Physical activity was measured by accelerometry (vector magnitude units [VMU]\/min). Pulmonary assessments included spirometry (FEV\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      %predicted), diffusing capacity (DL\n                      <jats:sub>CO<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) and quantitative chest computed tomography (CT). Eighty\u2010seven variables related to COPD features were considered. Variables selected by univariate analysis of log\u2010transformed\n                      <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\n                      with\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u2264\u20090.20 and filtered by machine learning were entered into multivariable linear regression to determine association with\n                      <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Two hundred forty\u2010one (53.1% female; 45.6% African American; 64\u2009\u00b1\u200910 years old) participants were allocated to analysis. FEV\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      %predicted, DL\n                      <jats:sub>CO<\/jats:sub>\n                      , CT, pack\u2010years, age and VMU\/min were among 24 variables selected by univariate analysis. After machine learning filtering on 162 (67%) cases with complete data, 11 variables were included in multivariable analysis. Only FEV\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      %predicted, age and race were significantly associated with\n                      <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.26). Model coefficients equate a 10% lower FEV\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      %predicted to a 4.4% lower\n                      <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\n                      or 10 years of aging to a 9.7% lower\n                      <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\n                      . In 118 cases with CT available, FEV\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      %predicted and age remained associated with\n                      <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.24). Physical activity was not retained in any model.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Physical activity or radiographic COPD manifestations were not significantly associated with muscle oxidative impairment. Across never smokers and ever smokers with and without COPD, locomotor muscle oxidative capacity was positively associated with FEV\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      %predicted and negatively associated with age.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.70178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T06:20:59Z","timestamp":1768890059000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Pulmonary Obstruction and Age, Not Activity, Associate With Muscle Oxidative Impairment in Smokers With and Without COPD"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1917-9296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra","family":"Adami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, College of Health Sciences University of Rhode Island  Kingston Rhode Island USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fenghai","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Center for Biostatistics and Health Data Science Brown University School of Public Health  Providence Rhode Island USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert\u00a0A.","family":"Calmelat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Research Center The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor\u2013UCLA Medical Center  Torrance California USA"},{"name":"Division of Respiratory and Critical Care, Physiology and Medicine Harbor\u2013UCLA Medical Center  Torrance California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeyu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Center for Biostatistics and Health Data Science Brown University School of Public Health  Providence Rhode Island USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Casaburi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Research Center The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor\u2013UCLA Medical Center  Torrance California USA"},{"name":"Division of Respiratory and Critical Care, Physiology and Medicine Harbor\u2013UCLA Medical Center  Torrance California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harry\u00a0B.","family":"Rossiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Research Center The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor\u2013UCLA Medical Center  Torrance California USA"},{"name":"Division of Respiratory and Critical Care, Physiology and Medicine Harbor\u2013UCLA Medical Center  Torrance California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.03.00405703"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201402-0373ST"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","first-page":"E418","article-title":"Muscle Dysfunction in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Update on Causes and Biological Findings","volume":"7","author":"Gea J.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Thoracic Disease"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2006.062026"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200807-1005OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2012.069468"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2006.00939.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa011858"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00981.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmedicine.6-2-190"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2016.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00445.2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15412550903499522"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00183014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201908-1590ST"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00034905"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","first-page":"270","article-title":"Single Breath Diffusing Capacity in a Representative Sample of the Population of Michigan, a Large Industrial State. 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