{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T00:15:46Z","timestamp":1793146546715,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768521600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024YFE0104700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFE0104700"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32090043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32090043"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sarcopenia is a progressive, age\u2010related condition characterized by a decline in skeletal muscle mass, strength and performance. Diagnosis remains challenging because current consensus criteria are difficult to scale and existing biomarkers lack accuracy. This study aimed to develop high\u2010performance plasma\u2010based diagnostic models for sarcopenia by integrating proteomic and metabolomic profiles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants were selected from the West China Health and Aging Trend study. Sarcopenia was defined according to the 2019 Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) criteria. Two independent 1:1 age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched cohorts were constructed: a discovery cohort (40 sarcopenic, 40 non\u2010sarcopenic) and a validation cohort (30 sarcopenic, 30 non\u2010sarcopenic). Fasting plasma samples were profiled using the Olink Explore 384 Inflammation Panel and liquid chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry\u2010based untargeted metabolomics. Gaussian na\u00efve Bayes classifiers were trained for single\u2010omics models, and logistic regression was used to construct combined models in the discovery cohort and evaluate performance in the validation cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Baseline age and sex were similar in sarcopenic and non\u2010sarcopenic groups (discovery: median 72.0 vs. 71.5\u2009years,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.714; validation: 71.0 vs. 71.5\u2009years,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.594; women: 52.5% and 53.3%). The sarcopenic group had lower skeletal muscle index, grip strength and gait speed (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Sixty\u2010five proteins and 268 metabolites differed between groups. A 7\u2010protein Gaussian na\u00efve Bayes model achieved AUCs of 0.743 (95% CI 0.718\u20130.767) in discovery and 0.698 (0.561\u20130.834) in validation; the metabolomic model yielded 0.828 (0.808\u20130.849) and 0.751 (0.617\u20130.885). Combined Model 1 integrated the probabilistic outputs of the proteomic (7 proteins) and metabolomic (7 metabolites) models and reached AUCs of 0.951 (0.937\u20130.965) and 0.823 (0.717\u20130.930), outperforming single\u2010omics models (discovery: both\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001; validation: vs. proteomic\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05; vs. metabolomic\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.147). Combined Model 2 incorporated only the top two biomarkers from each platform (CCL13, FGF2, N\u2010hexadecanoylpyrrolidine and 1\u2010(cyclohexylmethyl)proline), achieving AUCs of 0.853 (0.828\u20130.878) in discovery and 0.911 (0.839\u20130.983) in validation and remained superior to single\u2010omics models (discovery: both\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001; validation: both\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Its validation performance was comparable to Combined Model 1 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.124), with sensitivity 86.7%, specificity 80.0%, precision 81.2% and F1\u2010score 0.839.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We have developed high\u2010performance plasma\u2010based diagnostic models for sarcopenia by integrating inflammatory proteomic and metabolomic signatures. A four\u2010biomarker model (Combined Model 2) demonstrated excellent diagnostic performance and may provide a promising clinically scalable approach for the early detection of sarcopenia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.70188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T00:50:01Z","timestamp":1768611001000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Integrated Proteomic and Metabolomic Profiling for Developing Novel Plasma\u2010Based Diagnostic Models of Sarcopenia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Dongqin","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Aging and Cancer Research, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Aging and Cancer, Frontiers Science Center for Disease\u2010Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haoran","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu China"},{"name":"Sichuan University\u2010University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Frontiers Science Center for Disease\u2010Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinlin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu China"},{"name":"Sichuan University\u2010University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Frontiers Science Center for Disease\u2010Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiliang","family":"Zuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Ou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sports Medicine and Health Chengdu Sport University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengjuan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Pu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Aging and Cancer Research, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Aging and Cancer, Frontiers Science Center for Disease\u2010Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxing","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PICC Health Insurance Company Limited  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PICC Health Insurance Company Limited  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birong","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Aging and Cancer Research, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Aging and Cancer, Frontiers Science Center for Disease\u2010Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu China"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu China"},{"name":"Sichuan University\u2010University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Frontiers Science Center for Disease\u2010Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu 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