{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T17:36:32Z","timestamp":1790962592634,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769299200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769299200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82300053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82300053"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82570063"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82570063"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82400041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82400041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3332024101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3332024101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sarcopenia, an important complication of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is significantly associated with increased mortality. Systemic inflammation is an important trigger of COPD\u2010related skeletal muscle dysfunction. Calprotectin is a damage\u2010associated molecular pattern involved in the inflammatory response, but its exact role and mode of action in COPD\u2010related skeletal muscle dysfunction remain unclear. This study aimed to determine whether calprotectin is involved in COPD\u2010related sarcopenia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this study, 235 patients with stable COPD were divided into the development (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009117) and validation (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009118) groups, and serum calprotectin concentrations were measured by enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Paquinimod, an oral calprotectin\u2010specific inhibitor, was used to investigate the involvement of calprotectin in cigarette smoke (CS)\u2010induced skeletal muscle dysfunction in\u00a0vivo.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Handgrip strength and quadriceps muscle strength, essential indicators of muscle strength, were negatively correlated with serum calprotectin levels (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.367,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001;\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.409,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The 5\u2010time sit\u2010to\u2010stand test results, which reflect endurance and physical strength, were positively correlated with serum calprotectin levels (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.290,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.006). Ultrasound measurement of the rectus femoris muscle revealed negative correlations of serum calprotectin levels with both muscle thickness (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.448,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and cross\u2010sectional area (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.495,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Furthermore, serum calprotectin levels were significantly greater in patients with sarcopenia than in those without sarcopenia (90.09\u2009\u00b1\u200925.72\u2009ng\/mL vs. 59.56\u2009\u00b1\u200923.22\u2009ng\/mL,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Importantly, serum calprotectin levels could effectively predict sarcopenia in COPD patients in the development set (AUC\u2009=\u20090.811) and validation set (AUC\u2009=\u20090.805). In C57BL\/6 mice with CS\u2010induced muscle dysfunction, paquinimod (10\u2009mg\/kg\/day) reduced CS\u2010induced muscle mass loss (skeletal muscle weight 1.15%\u2009\u00b1\u20090.09% vs. 1.33%\u2009\u00b1\u20090.09%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.005) and increased the muscle cross\u2010sectional area (1375\u2009\u00b1\u2009536.9\u2009\u03bcm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      vs. 2094\u2009\u00b1\u2009470.2\u2009\u03bcm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Paquinimod also reduced CS\u2010induced muscle weakness, as indicated by increased grip strength (214.9\u2009\u00b1\u200931.38\u2009g vs. 333.1\u2009\u00b1\u200934.93\u2009g;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Paquinimod inhibited ubiquitin\u2013proteasome system activity, reduced protein degradation marker levels, attenuated oxidative stress and increased antioxidant enzyme levels in CS\u2010exposed mice.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serum calprotectin levels can be used to accurately predict sarcopenia in patients with COPD, and the calprotectin inhibitor paquinimod is a potential treatment for CS\u2010induced skeletal muscle dysfunction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.70196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T07:28:51Z","timestamp":1769412531000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Calprotectin Is a Circulating Biomarker and Potential Therapeutic Target for Sarcopenia in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Liwei","family":"Liao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine China\u2010Japan Friendship Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaye","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine China\u2010Japan Friendship Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weidong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine China\u2010Japan Friendship Hospital  Beijing China"},{"name":"China\u2010Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences) Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &amp; Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine First Hospital of China Medical University  Shenyang 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