{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T17:03:28Z","timestamp":1792602208524,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769299200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769299200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Sarcopenia is characterized by accelerated muscle mass and function loss in older adults. The role of nutritional interventions in sarcopenia is uncertain. This study investigates whether a soy protein\u2013rich diet can enhance muscle health in older adults via gut microbiota changes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n A 12\u2010week randomized controlled trial was conducted with 84 older adults from a long\u2010term care facility. Participants in the intervention group consumed three daily meals containing 10\u2009g of soy protein (totalling 30\u2009g\/day), while the control group maintained their usual diets. Faecal samples from 53 participants were collected at Weeks 0, 6 and 12. We assessed changes in muscle function, gut microbiota composition and faecal short\u2010chain fatty acids (SCFA).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The intervention group showed preserved calf circumference, while the control group experienced a decrease (W12\u2010W0: Intervention, 0.56\u2009\u00b1\u20090.22\u2009cm; Control, \u22120.91\u2009\u00b1\u20090.26\u2009cm,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n (interaction)<\/jats:sub>\n \u2009<\u20090.001). Metagenomic analysis revealed significant alterations in gut microbiota among intervention participants who showed improvement in muscle performance parameters. The intervention increased SCFA\u2010producing bacteria (\n \n Roseburia faecis<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n , Intervention: 0.42\u2009\u00b1\u20090.21%, Control: \u22120.06\u2009\u00b1\u20090.16,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n (interaction)<\/jats:sub>\n \u2009<\u20090.05;\n \n Agathobaculum butyriciproducens<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n , Intervention: 0.02\u2009\u00b1\u20090.007%,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n (time)<\/jats:sub>\n \u2009<\u20090.01, Control: \u22120.04\u2009\u00b1\u20090.01) and decreased species associated with poorer muscle outcomes (\n \n Alistipes putredinis<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n , Intervention: \u22120.88\u2009\u00b1\u20090.40%, Control: 0.62\u2009\u00b1\u20090.63,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n (interaction)<\/jats:sub>\n \u2009<\u20090.05;\n Eubacterium_sp_CAG_38<\/jats:italic>\n , Intervention: \u22120.64\u2009\u00b1\u20090.28%, Control: 0.10\u2009\u00b1\u20090.22,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n (interaction)<\/jats:sub>\n \u2009<\u20090.05). Functional pathway analysis showed enrichment of anaerobic amino acid degradation pathways and vitamin biosynthesis, with depletion of inflammatory pathways, particularly lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. Microbiome phenotype prediction revealed a decrease in aerobic bacteria abundance in the intervention group (W12\u2010W0, Intervention: \u22120.004\u2009\u00b1\u20090.002; Control: 0.001\u2009\u00b1\u20090.001,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n (interaction)<\/jats:sub>\n \u2009<\u20090.05). Interaction (group\u2009\u00d7\u2009time) for SCFA was not statistically significant; within\u2010group increases at Week 6 were observed in only the intervention group (butyric acid, Intervention: 0.74\u2009\u00b1\u20090.34\u2009mg\/g,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n (time)<\/jats:sub>\n \u2009<\u20090.05, Control: 0.12\u2009\u00b1\u20090.43\u2009mg\/g; isobutyric acid, Intervention: 0.14\u2009\u00b1\u20090.08\u2009mg\/g,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n (time)<\/jats:sub>\n \u2009<\u20090.05, Control: 0.08\u2009\u00b1\u20090.10\u2009mg\/g; isovaleric acid, Intervention: 0.27\u2009\u00b1\u20090.14\u2009mg\/g,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n (time)<\/jats:sub>\n \u2009<\u20090.05; Control: 0.16\u2009\u00b1\u20090.20\u2009mg\/g), with partial reversal by Week 12. These changes, positively correlated with improved muscle function parameters, suggest intervention benefits on gut health and muscle function.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n A soy protein\u2013rich intervention improved muscle health in older adults through beneficial gut microbiota. These findings support the gut\u2013muscle axis hypothesis and suggest dietary soy protein may alleviate sarcopenia by promoting a healthier gut microbiome.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.70212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T07:26:26Z","timestamp":1769412386000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Effects of Soy Protein\u2013Rich Meals on Muscle Health of Older Adults Are Linked to Gut Microbiome Modifications"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Xiaorong","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"WIL@NUS Corporate Laboratory National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3822-1242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin\u00a0Junliang","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WIL@NUS Corporate Laboratory National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiwei","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research & Development Center Co. Ltd Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research & Development Center Co. Ltd Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanrong","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research & Development Center Co. Ltd Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liying","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanqiu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Center Fudan University Affiliated to Hua Dong Hospital Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianqing","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Center Fudan University Affiliated to Hua Dong Hospital Shanghai China"},{"name":"Shanghai Elderly Nutrition and Health Quality Control Center Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afz046"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31138-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-021-02017-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-018-1139-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2010.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181eb6265"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2017.08.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2014.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2013.05.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2015.05.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2016.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2018.0008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-021-00421-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200434120-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2017.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-9-123"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2009.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11319"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP281788"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12788"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-023-2400-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2022.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","first-page":"318","volume-title":"Functional and Speciality Beverage Technology","author":"Paulsen P. 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