{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T01:09:14Z","timestamp":1773018554898,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001782","name":"University of Melbourne","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001782","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Changes in musculoskeletal health and function are increasingly recognised as important long\u2010term consequences of treatment for malignant bone tumours in paediatric populations. Accurate and reliable assessment methods are critical for monitoring these changes during treatment. We aimed to determine the inter\u2010 and intra\u2010rater reliability of MRI\u2010based measurements of muscle cross\u2010sectional area in children undergoing treatment for paediatric musculoskeletal sarcoma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective cohort study at a tertiary paediatric cancer centre. Eligible participants were aged 2\u201317\u2009years and had undergone routine clinical MRI scans as part of their treatment for musculoskeletal sarcoma. Muscle cross\u2010sectional area was measured, focusing on key lower limb muscle\/muscle groups. Three trained raters independently performed all measurements. Inter\u2010 and intra\u2010rater reliability were assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Measurement precision was evaluated using minimal detectable change (MDC) values, expressed as a percentage of mean muscle size.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Nineteen patients (mean age 11.6\u2009\u00b1\u20092.6\u2009years; 11 female and 8 male) were included. Diagnoses included osteosarcoma (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200912), Ewing sarcoma (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20095), rhabdomyosarcoma (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091) and synovial sarcoma (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091). The most common tumour location was the distal femur (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20099), followed by proximal tibia (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20092), pelvis (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20092), proximal fibula (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091), distal fibula (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091) and other sites (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20094). Metastatic disease was present in seven patients, while 12 had localised disease. Once images affected by tumour were excluded, a minimum of 60 images of each muscle\/muscle group were included for analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Inter\u2010rater reliability was excellent for psoas (ICC\u2009=\u20090.97, 95% CI: 0.95\u20130.98), gracilis (ICC\u2009=\u20090.96, CI: 0.93\u20130.98), medial gastrocnemius (ICC\u2009=\u20090.91, CI: 0.86\u20130.94), mid\u2010femoral muscle circumference (ICC\u2009=\u20090.99, CI: 0.99\u20130.99) and mid\u2010tibial muscle circumference (ICC\u2009=\u20090.99, CI: 0.99\u20130.99). Good inter\u2010rater reliability was found for rectus femoris (ICC\u2009=\u20090.88, CI: 0.83\u20130.95) and biceps femoris (ICC\u2009=\u20090.83, CI: 0.75\u20130.89). Intra\u2010rater reliability was excellent across all muscles assessed (ICCs: 0.92\u20130.99).<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>MDC values indicated highest measurement precision for mid\u2010femoral muscle circumference (10.62%), mid\u2010tibial muscle circumference (11.69%) and psoas (18.26%), enabling detection of clinically meaningful changes over time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study demonstrates that MRI measurement of muscle cross\u2010sectional area in children with musculoskeletal sarcoma is a reliable tool. MDC values allow for identification of true muscle loss, supporting early intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.70231","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T09:46:48Z","timestamp":1770889608000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Reliability of Measuring Muscle Cross\u2010Sectional Area in Children Undergoing Treatment for Musculoskeletal Sarcoma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2459-5075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire","family":"Laurie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Murdoch Children's Research Institute  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"The Royal Children's Hospital  Melbourne Victoria 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