{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T10:15:39Z","timestamp":1788344139142,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773878400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Muscle mass is a critical indicator of health and functionality, yet its accurate measurement remains challenging. Ultrasound offers a promising alternative, providing cost\u2010effective, non\u2010invasive assessments of surrogates of muscle mass: muscle thickness and cross\u2010sectional area (CSA). This study aims to develop and validate ultrasound\u2010derived equations for estimating whole\u2010body muscle mass in healthy Caucasian adults using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as the reference standard, incorporating CSA measurements to enhance the accuracy and applicability of these equations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We enrolled 211 healthy Caucasian adults (age: 42.0\u2009years [29.0\u201358.0], 52% female) for whole\u2010body MRI and ultrasound examinations, assessing eight muscle thicknesses and seven CSAs across the right arm, trunk and leg. The sample was divided into a development group (two\u2010thirds) and a cross\u2010validation group (one\u2010third). Stepwise multiple regression established ultrasound equations in the development group and cross\u2010validation group. After successful cross\u2010validation, the full sample was used to create the most accurate and most practical equations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The most accurate equation for estimating whole\u2010body muscle mass included ultrasound muscle thickness measurements of the forearm extensor, rectus abdominis, rectus femoris, biceps femoris and tibialis anterior muscles, CSA measurements of the triceps brachii and tibialis anterior muscles and sex, weight and BMI. This model achieved an adjusted\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      of 0.942 and a standard error of estimate (SEE) of 1.7\u2009kg. A more practical equation, requiring fewer measurements, focused on ultrasound muscle thickness and CSA of select arm, abdominal and leg muscles, combined with sex and height. This simplified model showed an adjusted\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      of 0.927 and an SEE of 2.0\u2009kg, offering a good balance between accuracy and measurement burden.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The equations developed in this study enable accurate estimation of whole\u2010body muscle mass in a Caucasian population using ultrasound. A practical, time\u2010efficient equation with fewer variables is available alongside a more detailed equation that provides higher accuracy. Importantly, models that combine muscle thickness and CSA measurements demonstrated improved prediction accuracy (higher adjusted\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      and lower SEE) compared to those using muscle thickness alone, supporting the inclusion of CSA in future applications.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.70242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T07:41:22Z","timestamp":1773906082000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Novel MRI\u2010Guided Ultrasound Equations for Whole\u2010Body Muscle Mass in Caucasian Adults"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1648-0788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jona","family":"Van\u00a0den\u00a0Broeck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Anatomy Research Group, Department of Physiotherapy and Human Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy Vrije Universiteit Brussel  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hubert","family":"Raeymaekers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University Hospital Brussels  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Cattrysse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Anatomy Research Group, Department of Physiotherapy and Human Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy Vrije Universiteit Brussel  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Savanah","family":"H\u00e9r\u00e9us","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Anatomy Research Group, Department of Physiotherapy and Human Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy Vrije Universiteit Brussel  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aldo","family":"Scafoglieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Anatomy Research Group, Department of Physiotherapy and Human Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy Vrije Universiteit Brussel  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.07.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2018.1511918"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2018.11.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.11.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afz046"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12210"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/174328808X356447"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-005-0061-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2019.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12268"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afq034"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12213"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2023.02.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-021-00955-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-018-0647-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10749357.2017.1285745"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.1310040410"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/2767232"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2021.08.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12308"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.28.1556"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2014.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-003-0961-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2013.08.0187"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","unstructured":"M.S. 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