{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T10:03:06Z","timestamp":1784887386693,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Muscle\u2013adipose aging reflects interactions between body composition changes and chronic inflammatory processes, but age\u2010related patterns in these measures across ethnically diverse populations remain incompletely described. Understanding population\u2010specific patterns is crucial for developing tailored prevention and intervention strategies. We aimed to characterize age\u2010 and sex\u2010specific patterns of muscle\u2010related measures, adiposity, inflammatory markers and lipolysis\u2010related biomarkers within large cohorts from the United Kingdom, the United States and Taiwan, and to examine how these observed patterns varied across cohorts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this cross\u2010cohort comparative study, we analysed data from UK Biobank (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200935\u2009436), US NHANES (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20099157) and Taiwan NAHSIT (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20094959). We examined age\u2010related trajectories of muscle mass, adiposity, muscle\u2010to\u2010fat ratio, and biomarkers of inflammation and lipolysis. Inflammaging was assessed using C\u2010reactive protein (CRP) and insulin\u2010like growth factor\u20101 (IGF\u20101) decline profiles. Lipolytic activity was evaluated using circulating ketone bodies (\u03b2\u2010hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, acetone) in the UK cohort. Age\u2010specific patterns were described across populations, with particular attention to masking effects of body mass index (BMI) adjustment and late\u2010life metabolic selection.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Muscle\u2013adipose aging patterns differed substantially across populations. Taiwanese men, despite having lower absolute appendicular lean mass, showed steeper cross\u2010sectional differences while maintaining higher muscle\u2010to\u2010fat ratios than other cohorts. Inflammaging patterns were consistent across cohorts, with CRP increasing by up to 90% and IGF\u20101 declining by 20.3%\u201323.8% from ages 45 to 79, consistent with a potential link between chronic inflammation and anabolic resistance. BMI\u2010adjusted muscle mass showed greater deterioration with age compared with height\u2010adjusted measures, suggesting conventional assessments may mask sarcopenic progression. Adiposity trajectories peaked earlier in Western populations (55\u201359\u2009years) than in Taiwanese adults (60\u201364\u2009years), followed by late\u2010life declines of 10.3%\u201323.5%, indicative of differential lipolytic activation. In the UK cohort, ketone body concentrations increased with age, suggesting higher fat oxidation in older age groups. Among adults aged 80\u2009years or older, reversals in the muscle\u2010to\u2010fat ratio suggested metabolic selection effects across all populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Muscle\u2013adipose aging reflects population\u2010specific patterns of inflammatory and lipolytic reprogramming, with metabolic efficiency\u2014rather than absolute tissue quantity\u2014emerging as a key determinant of healthy aging. Establishing ethnically tailored reference standards may improve the precision of aging\u2010related risk stratification and interventions across diverse populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.70316","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T07:26:49Z","timestamp":1780558009000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Muscle\u2013Adipose Aging Dynamics and Inflammaging Patterns Across Ethnically Diverse Populations: Exploring Potential Roles of Lipolysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1660-9120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fei\u2010Yuan","family":"Hsiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine National Taiwan University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine National Taiwan University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy National Taiwan University Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamie Chi\u2010Yun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine National Taiwan University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I\u2010Tzu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine National Taiwan University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu\u2010Ting","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine National Taiwan University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8095-2965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lin\u2010Chieh","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine National Taiwan University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2387-8508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liang\u2010Kung","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Veterans General Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Center for Healthy Longevity and Aging Sciences National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Taipei Municipal Gan\u2010Dau Hospital (Managed by Taipei Veterans General Hospital)  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.05.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1997.83.1.229"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13080"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2012.49"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnaa016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2024.100268"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11051290"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2016.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afv192"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13731"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.20956"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2009.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13223"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3710"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2022.159118"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","unstructured":"\u201cAbout NHANES \u201d accessed date: January 27 2025 https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/nhanes\/about\/index.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","unstructured":"\u201cEthics Review Board Approval \u201d accessed date: January 27 2025. 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