{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T12:20:04Z","timestamp":1787746804716,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021\u201000178"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\u201000178"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021\u201003324"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\u201003324"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021\u201006398"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\u201006398"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Gait speed (GS) has been suggested as a predictor of incident dementia in old age. However, the mechanisms underlying this body\u2013mind connection remain unclear, and it is still unknown whether trajectories of GS decline differ according to levels of blood biomarkers related to Alzheimer's disease (\n                      <jats:sc>AD<\/jats:sc>\n                      ). This study aims to investigate the association between levels of seven blood biomarkers related to AD and long\u2010term GS changes in dementia\u2010free older adults living in the community.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The present study included 1665 community\u2010dwelling adults \u2265\u200960\u2009years, followed for 15\u2009years, drawn from the Swedish National study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC\u2010K). GS (m\u00b7s\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) was assessed at baseline and at five subsequent follow\u2010up time points. Blood biomarkers, including serum amyloid\u2010\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      42 to amyloid\u2010\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      40 ratio (A\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      42\/40), phosphorylated Tau181 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010Tau181) and Tau217 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010Tau217), total Tau (\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010Tau), neurofilament light chain (NfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), were collected from peripheral venous blood samples at baseline. Linear mixed\u2010effects models were implemented to investigate the association between blood biomarkers and GS changes over time.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      After adjusting for potential confounders, participants in the highest quartile of\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010Tau181 (Model I; 4th quartile\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      : \u22120.008, 95% CI: \u22120.013; \u22120.003),\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010Tau217 (Model I; 4th quartile\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      : \u22120.010, 95% CI: \u22120.015; \u22120.005), NfL (Model I; 4th quartile\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      : \u22120.013, 95% CI: \u22120.019; \u22120.006) and GFAP (Model I; 4th quartile\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      : \u22120.007, 95% CI: \u22120.013; \u22120.002) exhibited a steeper decline in GS over time, as compared with those in the lowest quartile. Notably, participants in these highest quartiles developed mobility limitations (GS &lt;\u20090.8\u2009m\u00b7s\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), on average, 2.3 to 6.0\u2009years earlier. Of note, only the association between NfL and GS changes over time persisted after further adjusting for time\u2010varying global cognition.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Higher blood biomarker levels of AD are associated with accelerated trajectories of GS decline and earlier onset of mobility limitations. Consequently, a faster decline in GS may reflect underlying neurodegeneration and indicate changes in brain health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.70365","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T06:13:07Z","timestamp":1787119987000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Blood Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease and Gait Speed Trajectories in Community\u2010Dwelling Older Adults: A Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2344-1741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Leal\u2010Mart\u00edn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet  Solna Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6312-3815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Grande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Stockholm Gerontology Research Center  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8163-1634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caterina","family":"Gregorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9064-9222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amaia","family":"Calder\u00f3n\u2010Larra\u00f1aga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Stockholm Gerontology Research Center  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7927-793X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alice Margherita","family":"Ornago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6374-6614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Fratiglioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Stockholm Gerontology Research Center  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0139-8287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina","family":"Valletta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7674-2014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Fredolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Affinity Proteomics Stockholm, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)  Solna Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5819-8724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna\u2010Karin","family":"Welmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Stockholm Gerontology Research Center  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Women's Health and Allied Health Professionals Theme, Medical Unit Medical Psychology Karolinska University Hospital  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0011-1179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bengt","family":"Winblad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet  Solna Sweden"},{"name":"Theme Inflammation and Aging Karolinska University Hospital  Huddinge Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3099-4830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide Liborio","family":"Vetrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Stockholm Gerontology Research Center  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2000.tb03873.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/japa.2013-0236"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.1923"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-009-0246-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2019.05.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2015.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13809"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/gly140"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afx084"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12537"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2010.159"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","first-page":"655","article-title":"Gait Speed and Decline in Gait Speed as Predictors of Incident Dementia","volume":"72","author":"Dumurgier J.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-023-01314-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000207193"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2024.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-03605-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102739"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-023-02570-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-024-00942-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/00139143-200831020-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afw076"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2025.100715"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43856-024-00713-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glaa143"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-181265"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-200225"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awae211"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcae396"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glae043"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5853\/jos.2017.02565"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awad267"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.14647"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-180622"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glaa284"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14283\/jfa.2022.17"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2019.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2025.100717"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-020-01703-z"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jcsm.70365","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jcsm.70365","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jcsm.70365","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T11:31:18Z","timestamp":1787743878000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jcsm.70365"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jcsm.70365"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcsm.70365","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2190-5991","2190-6009"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2190-5991","type":"print"},{"value":"2190-6009","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-01-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-01","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70365"}}