{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T10:33:47Z","timestamp":1793010827293,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Frailty predicts poor outcomes in older adults with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and is closely related to neuromuscular dysfunction. Lower limb surface electromyography (sEMG) during walking may capture frailty\u2010related motor alterations, but its characteristics and discriminative value in older adults with CVD remain unclear. This study aimed to compare lower limb sEMG features between frail and nonfrail older adults with CVD and evaluate their ability to identify frailty.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This case\u2013control study included 150 older adults with CVD (75 frail, 75 nonfrail; 80 men, 70 women). Frailty was defined using the Fried frailty phenotype. Wireless sEMG signals were recorded bilaterally from the rectus femoris, semitendinosus, tibialis anterior and medial gastrocnemius during a standardized 10\u2010m walk test. Time\u2010domain parameters, frequency\u2010domain parameters, symmetry indices, contribution ratios and activation\u2010sequence rank were compared with false\u2010discovery\u2010rate correction. Binary logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were used to identify factors independently associated with frailty and evaluate discriminative performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Frail participants were older (76.04\u2009\u00b1\u20097.57 vs. 68.55\u2009\u00b1\u20096.09\u2009years), more frequently exposed to polypharmacy (93.33% vs 70.67%), required longer to complete the 10\u2010m walk test (13.34\u2009\u00b1\u20093.23 vs. 9.44\u2009\u00b1\u20091.21\u2009s) and had lower Tinetti Performance\u2010Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA) scores (21.51\u2009\u00b1\u20094.27 vs. 27.59\u2009\u00b1\u20090.92; all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The frail group showed higher median integrated EMG (IEMG) of the left semitendinosus (534.4 [451.3, 680.7] vs. 455.5 [384.5, 542.0] \u03bcV\u00b7s, FDR\u2010adjusted\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0084) and higher activation\u2010sequence rank of the left rectus femoris (4.333 [3.000, 5.667] vs. 3.333 [2.333, 4.333], FDR\u2010adjusted\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0404). In the frequency domain, median frequency (MF) was higher in the right rectus femoris, bilateral tibialis anterior and right medial gastrocnemius, whereas mean power frequency (MPF) was higher in six muscles (all FDR\u2010adjusted\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). In multivariable analysis, MF of the right rectus femoris (OR\u2009=\u20091.067, 95% CI 1.003\u20131.135,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.038), MF of the right medial gastrocnemius (OR\u2009=\u20091.054, 95% CI 1.009\u20131.102,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.019), activation\u2010sequence rank of the right tibialis anterior (OR\u2009=\u20090.640, 95% CI 0.448\u20130.914,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.014), age (OR\u2009=\u20091.128, 95% CI 1.044\u20131.218,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002) and Tinetti POMA score (OR\u2009=\u20090.784, 95% CI 0.669\u20130.918,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.003) were independently associated with frailty. The sEMG\u2009+\u2009age model achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.8418 (sensitivity\u2009=\u20090.8933; specificity\u2009=\u20090.6400), approaching the full model including Tinetti POMA score (AUC\u2009=\u20090.8740; sensitivity\u2009=\u20090.9200; specificity\u2009=\u20090.7067).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lower limb sEMG features during walking were independently associated with frailty in older adults with CVD. The simplified sEMG\u2009+\u2009age model showed good discriminative performance and may provide candidate objective markers to complement conventional frailty assessment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.70387","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T07:37:36Z","timestamp":1791185856000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Surface Electromyographic Characteristics of Lower Limb Muscles in Frail Older Adults With Cardiovascular Disease: A Case\u2013Control Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Pingping","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Fujian Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases  Xiamen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiqi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linjing","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Fujian Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases  Xiamen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiahua","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Fujian Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases  Xiamen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rongxiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Fujian Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases  Xiamen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shufen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Fujian Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases  Xiamen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Fujian Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases  Xiamen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"\u201cGlobal Health Estimates 2021: Deaths by Cause Age Sex by Country and by Region 2000\u20132021 \u201d (World Health Organization 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-021-02386-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2021.01.082"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2020.101233"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab468"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.123.031736"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afac311"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad885"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13055"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11005\/jbm.2024.31.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-016-0616-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13118"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-021-00510-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14283\/jfa.2018.35"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/EP087579"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2004.52174.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023858524879"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.55730\/1300-0144.5667"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23736\/S1973-9087.21.06831-3"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","first-page":"64","article-title":"Gait Speed as a Predictor of Respiratory Muscle Function, Strength, and Frailty Syndrome in Community\u2010Dwelling Elderly People","volume":"4","author":"Parentoni A. 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