{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T04:54:28Z","timestamp":1791003268901,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK20242099"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20242099"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Skeletal muscle atrophy following spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating secondary complication with no effective treatment. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of vitamin D (VD) in SCI\u2010induced muscle atrophy and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n SCI patients' serum VD levels were measured, and muscle mass was assessed using dual\u2010energy X\u2010ray examination. Adult male C57BL\/6 mice underwent a complete T10 spinal cord transection or sham surgery. On Day 3 post\u2010injury, mice received daily oral gavage of either VD (150\u2009IU\/kg) or vehicle (coconut oil) for 25\u2009days. Body weight and motor function were assessed, and muscle\u2010specific parameters including hindlimb circumference, muscle mass, fibre cross\u2010sectional area (CSA) and fibre type composition were evaluated. Quantitative proteomics, Western blotting, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were further employed to investigate the molecular mechanisms in the gastrocnemius muscle.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Serum VD level showed a significant positive correlation with the muscle index (\n R<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n \u2009=\u20090.6495,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.01). Compared to vehicle\u2010treated SCI mice, VD supplementation significantly attenuated body weight loss and promoted motor recovery (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05). VD treatment markedly preserved hindlimb muscle mass (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.01) and prevented the reduction in the CSA of gastrocnemius (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.01), extensor digitorum longus (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05) and soleus muscles (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05). Furthermore, VD alleviated the SCI\u2010induced pathological shift from oxidative (Type I\/IIA) to glycolytic (Type IIB) muscle fibres. Proteomic analysis revealed that VD restored cellular energy metabolism homeostasis. And it was related to the upregulation of the metabolic regulator TIGAR (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05). This was associated with a significant increase in mitochondrial number (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001) and an improvement in mitochondrial ultrastructure.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n VD mitigates skeletal muscle atrophy following SCI by restoring metabolic and mitochondrial homeostasis through the upregulation of TIGAR. Our findings establish a strong preclinical rationale for investigating VD supplementation as a therapeutic strategy to preserve muscle health in SCI patients.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.70401","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T04:39:57Z","timestamp":1791002397000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Vitamin D Ameliorates Skeletal Muscle Atrophy After Spinal Cord Injury by Upregulating TIGAR and Enhancing Mitochondrial Function"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Ziyue","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine Southeast University Nanjing China"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Future Technology The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou) Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yudong","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haowei","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine Southeast University Nanjing China"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenying","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine Southeast University Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Menghai","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine Southeast University Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianming","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine Southeast University Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kangda College Nanjing Medical University Lianyungang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fangyuan","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6638-8963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yijing","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01477-6","article-title":"Spinal Cord Injury: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Interventions","volume":"8","author":"Hu X.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1099143","article-title":"Mechanism of Skeletal Muscle Atrophy After Spinal Cord Injury: A Narrative Review","volume":"10","author":"Xu X.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontiers in Nutrition"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"21","article-title":"Application of Current Sarcopenia Definitions in Spinal Cord Injury","volume":"19","author":"Dionyssiotis Y.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Musculoskeletal & Neuronal Interactions"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-019-00583-4","article-title":"Vitamin D and Skeletal Muscle: Emerging Roles in Development, Anabolism and Repair","volume":"106","author":"Girgis C. 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