{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T05:37:40Z","timestamp":1792647460070,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003710","name":"Korea Health Industry Development Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HI23C0679"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HI23C0679"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS\u20102025\u201025441317"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS\u20102025\u201025441317"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Underweight is a well\u2010established risk factor for cancer mortality, yet its impact relative to obesity remains unclear in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), where current guidelines focus primarily on obesity management with limited guidance on underweight\u2010related risks. We evaluated the association between body mass index (BMI) and gastrointestinal (GI) cancer mortality across the full BMI spectrum in individuals with T2DM.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n This nationwide population\u2010based cohort study utilized the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. We included 2\u2009507\u2009976 adults with T2DM screened in 2015\u20132016 and followed through 2022, with a 1\u2010year lag period applied to minimize reverse causality. BMI was categorized into eight groups: severe underweight (<\u200916.0\u2009kg\/m\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n ), moderate underweight (16.0\u201316.9\u2009kg\/m\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n ), mild underweight (17.0\u201318.4\u2009kg\/m\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n ), normal weight (18.5\u201322.9\u2009kg\/m\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n ), overweight (23.0\u201324.9\u2009kg\/m\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n ), Class I obesity (25.0\u201329.9\u2009kg\/m\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n ), Class II obesity (30.0\u201334.9\u2009kg\/m\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n ) and Class III obesity (\u2265\u200935.0\u2009kg\/m\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n ). Multivariable\u2010adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for GI cancer mortality were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for clinical variables.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n During 5.75\u2010year mean follow\u2010up, 10\u2009978 GI cancer deaths occurred (975 oesophageal, 4391 gastric, 5317 colorectal and 295 other GI cancers including small intestine and anal cancer). A reverse J\u2010shaped association was observed with mortality nadir at BMI 25.0\u201329.9\u2009kg\/m\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n , which served as the reference group. Underweight was consistently associated with increased mortality across all severity categories: mild underweight aHR 2.54 (95% CI 2.26\u20132.85), moderate underweight aHR 2.51 (95% CI 1.96\u20133.20) and severe underweight aHR 2.96 (95% CI 2.14\u20134.09), with the highest risk observed in severe underweight. Notably, all underweight categories were associated with substantially higher mortality risk than Class III obesity (aHR 1.35, 95% CI 1.05\u20131.73). Cancer\u2010specific analyses revealed that underweight was associated with the highest mortality risk for oesophageal cancer (aHR 13.23 [95% CI 6.77\u201325.85] for severe underweight), followed by gastric and colorectal cancers, whereas obesity significantly increased mortality only for colorectal cancer (aHR 1.52 [95% CI 1.10\u20132.08] for Class III obesity). Underweight was not significantly associated with GI cancer incidence after adjustment, and associations remained largely robust in 2\u2010, 3\u2010, and 4\u2010year lag and competing risk analyses, except for colorectal cancer.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n In individuals with T2DM, underweight status is associated with substantially higher GI cancer mortality risk than obesity, with severe underweight showing nearly threefold higher risk compared to the reference group (BMI 25.0\u201329.9\u2009kg\/m\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n ). These findings suggest that underweight, rather than obesity alone, warrants greater clinical attention as a determinant of GI cancer mortality in this population.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.70408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T04:40:29Z","timestamp":1792644029000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Underweight Versus Obesity and Gastrointestinal Cancer Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7957-5209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji\u2010Hong","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyungdo","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science Soongsil University Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5318-0859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hun Jee","family":"Choe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital Hwaseong Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Se Eun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1082-7592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Won\u2010Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6286-7254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sun\u2010Joon","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6108-7758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eun\u2010Jung","family":"Rhee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esmoop.2024.102241","article-title":"Body Mass Index, Weight Change, and Cancer Prognosis: A Meta\u2010Analysis and Systematic Review of 73 Cohort Studies","volume":"9","author":"Wen H.","year":"2024","journal-title":"ESMO Open"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","article-title":"Body Mass Index and Survival After Cancer Diagnosis: A Pan\u2010Cancer Cohort Study of 114 430 Patients With Cancer","volume":"3","author":"Tu H.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Innovation"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2016.0732","article-title":"Analysis of Body Mass Index and Mortality in Patients With Colorectal Cancer Using Causal Diagrams","volume":"2","author":"Kroenke C. H.","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Oncology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.14115","article-title":"Body Mass Index and Gastrointestinal Cancer Mortality in Korean Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study","volume":"33","author":"Jeong S. H.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12398","article-title":"Predicting Unintentional Weight Loss in Patients With Gastrointestinal Cancer","volume":"10","author":"Yoon S. L.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2023.102057","article-title":"Sarcopenia and Malignancies: Epidemiology, Clinical Classification and Implications","volume":"91","author":"Zhang F. M.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ageing Research Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S145","DOI":"10.2337\/dc24-S008","article-title":"8. Obesity and Weight Management for the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: Standards of Care in Diabetes\u20102024","volume":"47","author":"American Diabetes Association Professional Practice C","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3568","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2014.58.4680","article-title":"American Society of Clinical Oncology Position Statement on Obesity and Cancer","volume":"32","author":"Ligibel J. A.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Oncology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-008-1190-x","article-title":"Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality in Overweight and Obese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: An Observational Study in 13,087 Patients","volume":"52","author":"Eeg\u2010Olofsson K.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1304501","article-title":"Body\u2010Mass Index and Mortality Among Adults With Incident Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"370","author":"Tobias D. K.","year":"2014","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(20)30431-9","article-title":"Trends in Predominant Causes of Death in Individuals With and Without Diabetes in England From 2001 to 2018: An Epidemiological Analysis of Linked Primary Care Records","volume":"9","author":"Pearson\u2010Stuttard J.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-20-1245","article-title":"Type 2 Diabetes and Cancer: An Umbrella Review of Observational and Mendelian Randomization Studies","volume":"30","author":"Pearson\u2010Stuttard J.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.02.068","article-title":"Global Burden of 5 Major Types of Gastrointestinal Cancer","volume":"159","author":"Arnold M.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6026","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i19.6026","article-title":"Association of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Meta\u2010Analysis and Systematic Review","volume":"21","author":"Guraya S. Y.","year":"2015","journal-title":"World Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6902","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v19.i40.6902","article-title":"Diabetes Mellitus Carries a Risk of Gastric Cancer: A Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"19","author":"Shimoyama S.","year":"2013","journal-title":"World Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","volume-title":"The Asia\u2010Pacific Perspective: Redefining Obesity and Its Treatment","author":"WHO\/IASO\/IOTF","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)15268-3","article-title":"Appropriate Body\u2010Mass Index for Asian Populations and Its Implications for Policy and Intervention Strategies","volume":"363","author":"Consultation WHOE","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0175299","article-title":"The Prevalence of and Factors Associated With High\u2010Risk Alcohol Consumption in Korean Adults: The 2009\u20102011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","volume":"12","author":"Hong J. W.","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e495","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000559","article-title":"Routine Assessment and Promotion of Physical Activity in Healthcare Settings: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association","volume":"137","author":"Lobelo F.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1007\/s10120-015-0531-y","article-title":"Impact of Being Underweight on the Long\u2010Term Outcomes of Patients With Gastric Cancer","volume":"19","author":"Migita K.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastric Cancer"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.9221","article-title":"Body Mass Index and Outcomes Following Gastrointestinal Cancer Surgery in Japan","volume":"100","author":"Yasunaga H.","year":"2013","journal-title":"British Journal of Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-016-4162-6","article-title":"Nonlinear Association of BMI With All\u2010Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis of 414,587 Participants in Prospective Studies","volume":"60","author":"Zaccardi F.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-81671-0","article-title":"Body Mass Index and Cancer Risk in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Dose\u2010Response Meta\u2010Analysis of Cohort Studies","volume":"11","author":"Soltani S.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1002\/JLB.5VMR0118-021RR","article-title":"Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Drive Immune Dysfunction, Infection Development, and Sepsis Mortality","volume":"104","author":"Frydrych L. M.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Leukocyte Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-1309","article-title":"BMI and Mortality in Patients With New\u2010Onset Type 2 Diabetes: A Comparison With Age\u2010 and Sex\u2010Matched Control Subjects From the General Population","volume":"41","author":"Edqvist J.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.12.013","article-title":"Inflammation in Obesity, Diabetes, and Related Disorders","volume":"55","author":"Rohm T. V.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1161521","article-title":"Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Connections in Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Treatments","volume":"14","author":"Ruze R.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0207756","article-title":"Incidence Risk of Various Types of Digestive Cancers in Patients With Pre\u2010Dialytic Chronic Kidney Disease: A Nationwide Population\u2010Based Cohort Study","volume":"13","author":"Oh H. J.","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-022-00726-3","article-title":"Updated Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Cancers in East Asia","volume":"20","author":"Huang J.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Gastroenterology & Hepatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.70145","article-title":"Underweight and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study","volume":"16","author":"Choe H. J.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2068","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.21.00102","article-title":"Sarcopenia in the Older Adult With Cancer","volume":"39","author":"Williams G. R.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Oncology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1007\/s41999-019-00216-x","article-title":"Association Between Sarcopenia and Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis of Observational Studies","volume":"10","author":"Veronese N.","year":"2019","journal-title":"European Geriatric Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-020-00742-y","article-title":"Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Is Associated With Increased Risk of Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"107","author":"Anagnostis P.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Calcified Tissue International"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","article-title":"The Role of Chronic Inflammation in Obesity\u2010Associated Cancers","volume":"2013","author":"Ramos\u2010Nino M. E.","year":"2013","journal-title":"ISRN Oncology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3029","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S197820","article-title":"Prognostic Significance of Combined Pretreatment Body Mass Index (BMI) and BMI Loss in Patients With Esophageal Cancer","volume":"11","author":"Gu W. S.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Management and Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2961","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.15805","article-title":"Body Mass Index and Esophageal and Gastric Cancer: A Pooled Analysis of 10 Population\u2010Based Cohort Studies in Japan","volume":"114","author":"Koyanagi Y. N.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25168836"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsr1606602","article-title":"Body Fatness and Cancer\u2014Viewpoint of the IARC Working Group","volume":"375","author":"Lauby\u2010Secretan B.","year":"2016","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(10)70141-8","article-title":"Body\u2010Mass Index and Cancer Mortality in the Asia\u2010Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration: Pooled Analyses of 424,519 Participants","volume":"11","author":"Parr C. L.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Oncology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2012.09.004","article-title":"Obesity Paradox: Differential Effects on Cancer and Noncancer Mortality in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"226","author":"Tseng C. H.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","first-page":"243","article-title":"Nutrition and Physical Activity Guidelines for Cancer Survivors","volume":"62","author":"Rock C. L.","year":"2012","journal-title":"CA: a Cancer Journal for Clinicians"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jcsm.70408","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jcsm.70408","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jcsm.70408","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T04:40:49Z","timestamp":1792644049000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jcsm.70408"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jcsm.70408"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcsm.70408","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2190-5991","2190-6009"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2190-5991","type":"print"},{"value":"2190-6009","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-06","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70408"}}