{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T23:39:07Z","timestamp":1792712347276,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82572196"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82572196"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82471970"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82471970"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["824B2052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["824B2052"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82402250"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82402250"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["825B2052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["825B2052"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018542","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2026NSFSC0584"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026NSFSC0584"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018542","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019014","name":"Chengdu Science and Technology Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2026\u2010YF08\u201000166\u2010GX"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026\u2010YF08\u201000166\u2010GX"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019014","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019014","name":"Chengdu Science and Technology Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2026\u2010XT00\u201000013\u2010GX"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026\u2010XT00\u201000013\u2010GX"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019014","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Loss of ambulation (LOA) is a key milestone in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) with highly variable timing, complicating clinical counselling and trial design. Quantitative MRI non\u2010invasively assesses muscle fat infiltration, yet few models have integrated MRI with clinical variables for individualized LOA prediction. We aimed to develop and validate a machine\u2010learning model integrating quantitative MRI and clinical features to predict time to LOA and to derive interpretable, individualized risk estimates and candidate thresholds.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective study enrolled 188 boys with DMD (median age 9.10\u2009years). Quantitative MRI parameters (T1, T2, fat fraction [FF]) of 19 hip\/thigh muscles and clinical variables were measured. Patients were randomly split into training (80%) and test (20%) sets. Feature selection used LASSO, Boruta and recursive feature elimination based on random survival forest (RSF). Three survival models were compared: RSF and a ridge\u2010penalised Cox model (both integrating clinical and MRI\u2010derived features) and a multivariable Cox model restricted to clinical variables. Performance was assessed by concordance index (C\u2010index), time\u2010dependent area under the curve (AUC), integrated Brier score (IBS) and decision curve analysis at 12, 24, 36 and 48\u2009months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Over median 43.5\u2009months follow\u2010up, 66 patients (35.1%) experienced LOA. Six predictors were retained: NSAA score, MRC%, age and three FF parameters (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, obturator internus). In the test set (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200940, 15 events), RSF achieved a C\u2010index of 0.870 (95% CI, 0.764\u20130.957), outperforming the clinical Cox (0.804) and ridge Cox (0.853) model. Time\u2010dependent AUCs of the RSF model were 0.984, 0.971, 0.913 and 0.850 at 12, 24, 36 and 48\u2009months. RSF showed the best calibration, with the lowest IBS (0.076, 95% CI: 0.052\u20130.111), followed closely by the ridge Cox model (0.078) and the clinical Cox model (0.109). RSF stratified patients into low\u2010risk, intermediate\u2010risk and high\u2010risk groups; no LOA events occurred in the low\u2010risk group, with annual event rates were 7.2% and 34.6% in the intermediate\u2010 and high\u2010risk groups (log\u2010rank\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0025). SHAP analysis identified exploratory thresholds (NSAA &lt;\u200914.55, MRC%\u2009&lt;\u200968.36%, rectus femoris FF\u2009&gt;\u200932.30%, vastus lateralis FF\u2009&gt;\u200958.00%, obturator internus FF &gt;\u20097.43%). An interactive web application enables individualized risk prediction (\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/westcndmd-timer-loa-risk-prediction-tool-8cygtrrbykvd9snmfcnhrp.streamlit.app\/\">https:\/\/westcndmd\u2010timer\u2010loa\u2010risk\u2010prediction\u2010tool\u20108cygtrrbykvd9snmfcnhrp.streamlit.app\/<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A machine\u2010learning\u2010based RSF model integrating quantitative MRI FF metrics and clinical variables exhibited favourable predictive performance for time to LOA in DMD across short\u2010 and long\u2010term horizons. It provided interpretable, individualized risk estimates and was deployed as an online tool to support clinical decision\u2010making and trial enrichment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.70413","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T22:59:37Z","timestamp":1792709977000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Machine Learning Integrating Quantitative MRI and Clinical Features Predicts Loss of Ambulation in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8126-7684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, China Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1198-0732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, China Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayu","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, China Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, China Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, China Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiqiao","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, China Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hang","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, China Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8940-8253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaotang","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation and Department of Pediatric Neurology, China Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingkun","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, China Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, China Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0801-0695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huayan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, China Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-017-0631-3","article-title":"The Burden, Epidemiology, Costs and Treatment for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: An Evidence Review","volume":"12","author":"Ryder S.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1183101","article-title":"Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Disease Mechanism and Therapeutic Strategies","volume":"14","author":"Bez Batti Angulski A.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontiers in Physiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30025-5","article-title":"Diagnosis and Management of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, Part 2: Respiratory, Cardiac, Bone Health and Orthopaedic Management","volume":"17","author":"Birnkrant D. J.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30024-3","article-title":"Diagnosis and Management of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, Part 1: Diagnosis, and Neuromuscular, Rehabilitation, Endocrine, and Gastrointestinal and Nutritional Management","volume":"17","author":"Birnkrant D. J.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.3233\/JND-230220","article-title":"Predictors of Loss of Ambulation in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"11","author":"Landfeldt E.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Neuromuscular Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(16)30035-7","article-title":"Stakeholder Cooperation to Overcome Challenges in Orphan Medicine Development: The Example of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy","volume":"15","author":"Straub V.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.23905","article-title":"The 6\u2010Minute Walk Test and Other Clinical Endpoints in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Reliability, Concurrent Validity, and Minimal Clinically Important Differences From a Multicenter Study","volume":"48","author":"McDonald C. M.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Muscle & Nerve"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"149","article-title":"The NorthStar Ambulatory Assessment in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Considerations for the Design of Clinical Trials","volume":"87","author":"Ricotti V.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0221097","article-title":"Categorising Trajectories and Individual Item Changes of the North Star Ambulatory Assessment in Patients With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy","volume":"14","author":"Muntoni F.","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.28641","article-title":"High\u2010Speed T2\u2010Corrected Multiecho Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for Quantitatively Detecting Skeletal Muscle Fatty Infiltration and Predicting the Loss of Ambulation in Patients With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy","volume":"58","author":"Xu T.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1648","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-023-05632-7","article-title":"Clinical Utilisation of Multimodal Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Investigating Muscular Damage in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A Study on the Association Between Gluteal Muscle Groups and Motor Function","volume":"53","author":"Song Y.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatric Radiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.29182","article-title":"Utilization of Multi\u2010Parametric Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Early Diagnosis of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy","volume":"60","author":"Peng F.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging"},{"issue":"13","key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2672","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-023-05791-7","article-title":"Longitudinal Changes in Magnetic Resonance Imaging Biomarkers of the Gluteal Muscle Groups and Functional Ability in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A 12\u2010Month Cohort Study","volume":"53","author":"Song Y.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatric Radiology"},{"issue":"15","key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1622","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000009244","article-title":"Modeling Disease Trajectory in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy","volume":"94","author":"Rooney W. D.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2025.0992","article-title":"Quantitative Muscle Magnetic Resonance Outcomes in Patients With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: An Exploratory Analysis From the EMBARK Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"82","author":"Vandenborne K.","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Neurology"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-023-01886-z","article-title":"Machine Learning in Rare Disease","volume":"20","author":"Banerjee J.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature Methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13599","article-title":"Feature Engineering for the Prediction of Scoliosis in 5q\u2010Spinal Muscular Atrophy","volume":"16","author":"Vu\u2010Han T. L.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.202012595","article-title":"Machine Learning Suggests Polygenic Risk for Cognitive Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis","volume":"13","author":"Placek K.","year":"2021","journal-title":"EMBO Molecular Medicine"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.70417","article-title":"Machine Learning Analysis Applied to Prediction of Early Progression Independent of Relapse Activity in Multiple Sclerosis Patients","volume":"32","author":"Poretto V.","year":"2025","journal-title":"European Journal of Neurology"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwt312","article-title":"Comparison of Random Forest and Parametric Imputation Models for Imputing Missing Data Using MICE: A CALIBER Study","volume":"179","author":"Shah A. D.","year":"2014","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-019-0138-9","article-title":"From Local Explanations to Global Understanding With Explainable AI for Trees","volume":"2","author":"Lundberg S. M.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature Machine Intelligence"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-022-11470-8","article-title":"Longitudinal Study of Multi\u2010Parameter Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Hyperresponsiveness of Gluteus Maximus and Detection of Subclinical Disease Progression in Functionally Stable Patients","volume":"270","author":"Peng F.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.70205","article-title":"Quantitative MRI Findings and Their Relationship to Muscle Histopathology and Ambulatory Clinical Function in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy","volume":"17","author":"Lu Y.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020192210","article-title":"Upper and Lower Extremities in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Evaluated With Quantitative MRI and Proton MR Spectroscopy in a Multicenter Cohort","volume":"295","author":"Forbes S. C.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.70115","article-title":"Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Gluteal Muscle Groups Detects Stage\u2010Specific Progression and Early\u2010Stage Damage in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A 12\u2010Month Longitudinal Study","volume":"73","author":"Song Y.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Muscle & Nerve"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.29755","article-title":"Multi\u2010Parametric Quantitative MRI in the Early Differential Diagnosis of Ambulatory Children With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy and Becker Muscular Dystrophy","volume":"62","author":"Peng F.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e897","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000009012","article-title":"MR Biomarkers Predict Clinical Function in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy","volume":"94","author":"Barnard A. 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J.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0164684","article-title":"Individualized Prediction of Changes in 6\u2010Minute Walk Distance for Patients With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy","volume":"11","author":"Goemans N.","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0232870","article-title":"Prognostic Factors for Changes in the Timed 4\u2010Stair Climb in Patients With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, and Implications for Measuring Drug Efficacy: A Multi\u2010Institutional Collaboration","volume":"15","author":"Goemans N.","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","first-page":"375","article-title":"Disease Progression Modeling of the North Star Ambulatory Assessment for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy","volume":"12","author":"Hibma J. E.","year":"2023","journal-title":"CPT: Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","first-page":"1437","article-title":"Multivariate Modeling of Magnetic Resonance Biomarkers and Clinical Outcome Measures for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Clinical Trials","volume":"12","author":"Kim S.","year":"2023","journal-title":"CPT: Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1007\/s10928-024-09910-1","article-title":"Five Multivariate Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Progression Models Bridging Six\u2010Minute Walk Distance and MRI Relaxometry of Leg Muscles","volume":"51","author":"Yoon D. Y.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0307007","article-title":"Longitudinal Trajectories of Muscle Impairments in Growing Boys With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy","volume":"20","author":"Vandekerckhove I.","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2022.2060336","article-title":"A Systematic Review and Qualitative Synthesis of the Experiences of Parents of Individuals Living With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy","volume":"45","author":"Donnelly C. M.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Disability and Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1111\/cge.13528","article-title":"Uncertainty, Hope, and Coping Efficacy Among Mothers of Children With Duchenne\/Becker Muscular Dystrophy","volume":"95","author":"Bell M.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clinical Genetics"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2025.11.020","article-title":"Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Clinical Innovations, Ethical Considerations, and Evolving the Path to Adulthood","volume":"175","author":"Kukulka N.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Pediatric Neurology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jcsm.70413","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jcsm.70413","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jcsm.70413","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T22:59:43Z","timestamp":1792709983000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jcsm.70413"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jcsm.70413"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcsm.70413","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2190-5991","2190-6009"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2190-5991","type":"print"},{"value":"2190-6009","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-06-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-13","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70413"}}