{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T01:56:50Z","timestamp":1768701410044,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,24]],"date-time":"2018-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1516752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology","award":["BT\/COE\/34\/SP15097\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BT\/COE\/34\/SP15097\/2015"]}]},{"name":"Indo-US Joint Proposals in the area of low-cost medical devices","award":["BT\/PR17497\/MED\/15\/146\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BT\/PR17497\/MED\/15\/146\/2016"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Chemical Tech &amp;amp; Biotech"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Purification of peptides offers unique challenges with respect to obtaining the desired process yield and selectivity. Lethal Toxin Neutralizing Factor (LTNF) is a peptide that is known to neutralize snake venom in mice when the peptide is preincubated with the venom prior to intravenous injection. A process for producing highly purified recombinant LTNF has been developed. The process has been modelled in SuperPro designer using laboratory data for a plant capable of producing 10 kg of purified rLTNF. Economic analysis has been performed for manufacturing 3 ton of purified rLTNF<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The process developed produces peptide in the form of concatemer that has been specifically designed to accumulate as insoluble inclusion bodies (IB) during expression in <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>. A cation exchange chromatography step has been developed to capture the rLTNF concatemer at 140 g L<jats:sup>\u20101<\/jats:sup> dynamic binding capacity. Further, the purified concatemer is cleaved completely into monomeric rLTNF using alpha\u2010chymotrypsin enzyme. Finally, reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography has been designed to purify rLTNF with a recovery of more than 90% and purity greater than 98%. The overall process recovery is 78\u00b12% resulting in 3.36 g of purified product per batch. Techno\u2010economic evaluation of the process has been performed to demonstrate its economic feasibility against currently marketed antivenom products.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The developed process is able to produce purified rLTNF with 78\u00b12% recovery. The study shows that recombinant technology can be used to produce rLTNF cost effectively and shows potential as a substitute for currently available antivenoms against snakebite. \u00a9 2017 Society of Chemical Industry<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jctb.5537","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,5]],"date-time":"2017-12-05T07:02:33Z","timestamp":1512457353000},"page":"959-967","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Process for production and purification of lethal toxin neutralizing factor (LTNF) from <i>E. coli<\/i> and its economic analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Vishwanath","family":"Hebbi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology  Hauz Khas 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