{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T06:04:27Z","timestamp":1760249067977},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,29]],"date-time":"2003-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1064793600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Clinical Ultrasound"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Real\u2010time 3\u2010dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (RT\u20103D\u2010TE) with real\u2010time volume rendering (RTVR) offers multiple simultaneous views and spatial definition of intracardiac structures superior to that attainable by 2\u2010dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (2D\u2010TE). We hypothesized that RT\u20103D\u2010TE would therefore improve identification of left ventricular apical thrombi (LVT).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients were referred to our echocardiography laboratory over an 8\u2010month period. Those diagnosed with a \u201csuspicious\u201d or \u201cdefinite\u201d LVT on the basis of 2D\u2010TE images underwent RT\u20103D\u2010TE on the same day. All 2D\u2010TE, RT\u20103D\u2010TE, and RTVR images were reviewed by 2 independent observers. RT\u20103D\u2010TE findings were considered positive for LVT if LVT was visualized in both B\u2010scan (apical orthogonal) and C\u2010scan (short axis, with and without tilting angle) planes and on RTVR images, nondiagnostic (or suspicious) for LVT if it was not visualized in all planes, and negative for LVT if it was not visualized in any plane.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty patients (19 men and 11 women) with a mean age (\u00b1 standard deviation) of 52 \u00b1 13 years were enrolled. The interobserver agreement coefficient was 63% for 2D\u2010TE interpretations of LVT and 93% for RT\u20103D\u2010TE interpretations of LVT (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). The final interpretations by RT\u20103D\u2010TE with RTVR were positive for LVT in 16 patients (53%), suspicious for LVT in 4 patients (13%), and negative for LVT in 10 patients (30%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>RT\u20103D\u2010TE with RTVR offers dramatically clearer echocardiographic findings than does 2D\u2010TE. In particular, RT\u20103D\u2010TE is able to provide a clear diagnosis of LVT\/non\u2010LVT when 2D\u2010TE images are merely suggestive of the disorder. Therefore, RT\u20103D\u2010TE with RTVR, which is a clinically feasible alternative to 2\u2010dimensional echocardiography, has great potential to positively affect the diagnosis, follow\u2010up, and care of patients with suspected LVT. \u00a9 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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